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Current policy instruments, initiatives and management practices
Current policy instruments, initiatives and management practices Environmental pollution control includes Development of legislative documents for environmental pollution prevention and mitigation Pollution inspection Monitoring Pollution factors in EIA Auditing and forecast of pollution, wastes, environmental quality Development of standards for quality, wastes, technologies Establishment and implementation of pollution incident prevention and mitigation, recovery Education, training, raising awareness of environmental pollution Research on pollution etc. Environmental pollution control • National Strategy for Environment Protection for the period 2001-2010. Envi. pollution control Biodiversity protection Envi. quality improvement National Strategy for Pollution Control Developing and promulgating legislation on environment protection • January 10, 1994: Law on Environment Protection. • (now – under revision) • 1989: People Health Protection Law. • 1989: Dykes Protection Ordinance. • 1989: Ordinance of Resources Taxes. • 1989: Ordinance of Aquatic Resource Protection. • 1991: Forest Protection and Development Law. • 1993: Land Use Law. • 1993: Law of Oil and Petrol. • 1993: Ordinance of Vegetation Protection and Quarantine. • 1996: Ordinance of Radiation Safety and Control. • 1996: Mineral Resources Law. • 1998: Water Resources Law. • 1999: Criminal Affair Law. • Hundreds of legal documents. • Decree No. 36-CT/TW 25 June 1998 of Politburo: Enhancing environmental protection in period of industrialization – modernization of the country Environmental protection policies and action plans • The Government has promulgated series of policies in order to protect the environment and ensure sustainable development. • Policy of prohibition in production, transport and use of fire- crackers; • Policy of land and forest entrustment for people; • Policy of reforestation in bare hills; • Policy of stimulation in using cleaner technologies; • Policy of biodiversity protection; • Policy of closing natural forest, • etc. • Agenda 21 for Sustainable development and achieving MDGs. Vietnam Development Goals (VDGs). • Under the framework of a Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS) • Target 2: ensure that 60% of the rural population has access to clean and safe water by 2005 and 85% by 2010. This should be the case for 80% of urban people by 2005; • Target 4: ensure that all waste water in towns and cities is treated by 2010; • Target 5: ensure that all solid waste is collected and disposed safely in all towns and cities by 2010. Environmental pollution control • EIAs have been implemented for all socio-economic development projects. • Follow-up monitoring? • Environmental inspection has been undertaken both at provincial and national levels. • From 1993 to 2000: • - Inspected 9,384 enterprises. Among which: • - 4,390 (47% inspected) have got administrative penalties; • - 2,175 have been warned; • - 2,215 have been fined. Amount of fines: 1,566,810,000 VND (110,000 USD). • Environmental inspection -Weak staff and other resources. -Frequency is low. -Fine rates are still low [...]... investment sources for construction and rehabilitation of sewerage and drainage systems and capacity building for companies engaged in management of O&M • Japan, France, Denmark, Belgium, Switzerland, etc and international financial institutions WB, ADB, • ODA funded sewerage and drainage projects in nearly 20 cities and provincial towns, > 1 USD bio • Hanoi Sewerage and Drainage project, phase I: USD... management and control in Vietnam These are: insufficient attention paid to environmental pollution issues at all levels; poor policy and minimal investment in treatment measures; limited knowledge, skills and experience in environmental issues; lack of awareness, and resistance towards investing in treatment plants by polluters Conclusions • (cont.) Vietnam should apply approaches to wastewater management. .. However, the capacity of environmental management institutions in Vietnam remains weak and disproportionate to their tasks • 6 environmental management cadre per 1 mio population • 2002: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) has been established DONREs • Environmental management authorities are under re-organization for more effective operation (and co-operation) Environmental monitoring... such as national, local and sectoral, using Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), and assurance of commitments and follow-up activities after EIA report • Setting up of integrated river basin management models for all major rivers Pollution mitigation • Up to 2003: Identified 4,295 most polluting locations, including industrial enterprises, landfills, hospitals, pesticides and chemical hazards warehouses,... Hg; 300 – 500 thousands VND for each kg Pb; 600 – 1,000 thousands for each kg As or Cd (1 USD = 15,500 VND) Conclusions •Vietnam is remaining as an agricultural based country, whereas the wastewater reuse in agriculture in long traditional practice •Due to fast growing industrialization and urbanization in the country, agriculture water and soil are under big threat of heavy metals and other contaminants... enterprises, 52 landfills, 84 hospitals, 15 pesticides warehouses, 3 chemical residues warehouses, 1 residue-from-war bomb warehouse • Up to 2012: Treatment of the rest and new polluting points Pollution mitigation (cont.) • • Enhancing pollution control and pollution prevention activities Some of enterprises will be stopped, relocated, or assisted to renovate existing backward technology and/ or to build... cities and industrial parks Pollution mitigation Some facts • • • 1998 Orientation for urban water supply to the year 2020 issued • 2000 National Strategy for Rural Clean Water Supply and Sanitation for the period up to 2020 issued 1999 Orientation for the Development of Urban Sewerage (ODUS) up to 2020 and the immediate objectives to 2005 issued • Significant increase of number of urban sewerage and. .. water (inland and sea water), soil, solid wastes, noise caused by transportation, and radioactivity are monitored by these stations • Mostly collected data is served for preparation of Vietnam Annual State of Environment Report (SOER) Pressures Environmenta l status Environment, natural resources Pressures Production, Commerce, Consumption Air, Water, Soil, Natural resources, Ecosystems, Urban and rural... Development of comprehensive and appropriate system of environmental quality standards • Raising of public awareness • Integration of environmental issues into socio-economical development plans at different levels Pollution prevention • • Involvement of enterprises in cleaner production campaigns Development of comprehensive environmental monitoring network and database management system • Conducting... farmers, and agroproduct users Lack of adequate guidelines systems for proper use of wastewater in agriculture including labor safety measures The country standards system in wastewater quality for agricultural reuse should be further developed There is still limited linkage between organizations dealing with multi-sectoral problem like urban and industrial wastewater pollution control and agricultural . Current policy instruments, initiatives and management practices Environmental pollution control includes. production, transport and use of fire- crackers; • Policy of land and forest entrustment for people; • Policy of reforestation in bare hills; • Policy of stimulation