Human Body Dynamics: Classical Mechanics and Human Movement Aydın Tözeren Springer Human Body Dynamics [...]... Humans and animals utilize contact forces to create movement and motion The biggest part of the human body is the trunk; comprising on the average 43% of total body weight Head and neck account for 7% and upper limbs 13% of the human body by weight The thighs, lower legs, and feet constitute the remaining 37% of the total body weight The frame of the human body is a tree of bones that are linked together... (horizontal) plane divides the body into two parts: superior and inferior frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections The sagittal plane is the plane made by the x2 and x3 axes The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sections It is the only plane of symmetry in the human body Anatomists have also introduced standard terminology to classify movement configurations of... movement configurations of the various parts of the human body (Fig 1.3) Most movement modes require rotation of a body part around an axis that passes through the center of a joint, and such movements are called angular movements The common angular movements of this type are flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction Flexion and extension are movements that occur parallel to the sagittal plane Flexion... the reader not only to the principles of classical mechanics but also to the fascinating interplay between mechanics and human body structure The book assumes a background in calculus and physics Vector algebra and vector differentiation are introduced in the text and are used to describe the motion of objects Advanced topics such as three-dimensional motion mechanics are treated in some depth Whenever... outstanding statics and dynamics books written for engineering students In recent years, with each revision, these books have incorporated more examples, more problems, and more colored photographs and figures, a few of which touch on the mechanics of human movement Nevertheless, the focus of these books remains almost exclusively on the mechanics of manmade structures It is my hope that Human Body. .. abduction and adduction (a), rotation (b), and flexion and extension (c) Abduction and adduction are the movements of the limbs in the frontal plane Abduction is movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body whereas adduction is moving the limb back Swinging the arm to the side is an example of abduction During a pull-up exercise, an athlete pulls the arm toward the trunk of the body, and this movement. .. McNeill Alexander in his illuminating book, The Human Machine 16 1 Human Body Structure (a) (b) (c) FIGURE 1.8a–c Engineering representations of the synovial joints of the human body The figure shows the pivot joint between axis and atlas, the two vertebrae closest to the head (a), the elbow (b), and the shoulder joint (c) The pivot joint between atlas and axis allows the head to rotate to the left and to... internal stresses, and constitutive equations If Human Body Dynamics is used as a textbook for a graduate-level course, I would recommend that student projects on sports biomechanics and orthopaedic engineering become an integral part of the course The references cited at the end of the text provide a useful guide to the wealth of information on the biomechanics of movement Human Body Dynamics should... orthopaedic surgeons, physical therapists, and professionals and graduate students in sports medicine, movement science, and athletics They will find in this book concise definitions of terms such as linear momentum and angular velocity and their use in the study of human movement I wish to acknowledge my gratitude to all authors on whose work I have drawn My colleagues and students at The Catholic University... point or a body Frequently, we omit this superscript when the text clearly indicates which point or body is being referred to The subscripts typically indicate a component along a certain coordinate axis 1 Human Body Structure: Muscles, Tendons, Ligaments, and Bones 1.1 Introduction Humans possess a unique physical structure that enables them to stand up against the pull of gravity Humans and animals . Human Body Dynamics: Classical Mechanics and Human Movement Aydın Tözeren Springer Human Body Dynamics