Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
For exams in 2020 ACCOUNTING The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales Study Manual www icaew com ii ICAEW 2020 Accounting The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales ACCOUNTING For exams in 2020 Study Manual www.icaew.com Accounting The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales ISBN: 978-1-5097-2730-8 Previous ISBN: 978-1-5097-1992-1 First edition 2007 Thirteenth edition 2019 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, graphic, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher The content of this publication is intended to prepare students for the ICAEW examinations, and should not be used as professional advice British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0 Originally printed in the United Kingdom on paper obtained from traceable, sustainable sources The publishers are grateful to the IASB for permission to reproduce extracts from the International Financial Reporting Standards including all International Accounting Standards, SIC and IFRIC Interpretations (the Standards) The Standards together with their accompanying documents are issued by: The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) 30 Cannon Street, London, EC4M 6XH, United Kingdom Email: info@ifrs.org Web: www.ifrs.org Disclaimer: The IASB, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation, the authors and the publishers not accept responsibility for any loss caused by acting or refraining from acting in reliance on the material in this publication, whether such loss is caused by negligence or otherwise to the maximum extent permitted by law Copyright © IFRS Foundation All rights reserved Reproduction and use rights are strictly limited No part of this publication may be translated, reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form either in whole or in part or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the IFRS Foundation Contact the IFRS Foundation for further details The IFRS Foundation logo, the IASB logo, the IFRS for SMEs logo, the “Hexagon Device”, “IFRS Foundation”, “eIFRS”, “IAS”, “IASB”, “IFRS for SMEs”, “IASs”, “IFRS”, “IFRSs”, “International Accounting Standards” and “International Financial Reporting Standards”, “IFRIC” “SIC” and “IFRS Taxonomy” are Trade Marks of the IFRS Foundation Further details of the Trade Marks including details of countries where the Trade Marks are registered or applied for are available from the Licensor on request © ICAEW 2019 ii ICAEW 2020 Welcome to ICAEW I'd like to personally welcome you to ICAEW In a fast-changing and volatile world, the role of the accountancy profession has never been more important As an ICAEW Chartered Accountant, you'll make decisions that will define the future of global business Whether you are studying our Certificate in Finance, Accounting and Business (ICAEW CFAB) or our world-leading chartered accountancy qualification, the ACA, you'll acquire world-leading knowledge and skills – with technology and ethics at the heart of your learning A focus on capabilities such as judgement and scepticism will enable you to make the right decisions in diverse and often complex environments You'll be equipped to flourish and to lead, to embrace technological change and to be adaptable and agile in your work – all within a set of values fundamental to trust and transparency and which set you apart from others As the future professional, you're a force for positive change, investing in your own future and contributing to wider economic progress Joining over 180,000 ICAEW Chartered Accountants and students worldwide, you are now part of a global community This unique network of talented and diverse professionals work in the public interest to build economies that are sustainable, accountable and fair You'll also join a community of 1.7 million chartered accountants and students as part of Chartered Accountants Worldwide – a family of leading institutes, of which we are a founder member ICAEW will support you through your studies and throughout your career: this is the start of a lifetime relationship, and we'll be with you every step of the way to ensure you are ready to face the challenges of the global economy Visit page vii to review the key resources available as you study With our training, guidance and support, you'll join our members in realising your career ambitions, developing world-leading insights and maintaining a competitive edge We'll create a world of strong economies, together I wish you the best of luck with your studies Michael Izza Chief Executive ICAEW ICAEW 2020 iii iv ICAEW 2020 Contents Key resources Introduction to accounting The accounting equation 35 Recording financial transactions 67 Ledger accounting and double entry 85 Preparing basic financial statements 119 Errors and corrections to accounting records and financial statements 141 Cost of sales and inventories 165 Irrecoverable debts and allowance for receivables 203 Accruals and prepayments 223 vii 10 Non-current assets and depreciation 249 11 Company financial statements 291 12 Company financial statements under IFRS Standards 321 13 Statement of cash flows 339 14 Company financial statements under UK GAAP 365 15 Sole trader and partnership financial statements under UK GAAP 387 Glossary of terms 411 Index 421 The Accounting module ensures you have a sound understanding of the techniques of double entry accounting and can apply its principles in recording transactions, adjusting financial records and preparing non-complex financial statements Questions within this Study Manual should be treated as preparation questions, providing you with a firm foundation before you attempt the exam-standard questions The exam-standard questions are found in the Question Bank ICAEW 2020 Contents v Accounting Module aim To ensure that students have a sound understanding of the techniques of double entry accounting and can apply its principles in recording transactions, adjusting financial records and preparing non-complex financial statements On completion of this module, students will be: proficient in the use of double entry accounting techniques and the maintenance of accounting records; able to identify and correct omissions and errors in accounting records and financial statements; and able to specify the components of financial statements and prepare and present non-complex financial statements for sole traders, partnerships and limited companies Method of assessment The Accounting module exam is 1.5 hours long 40% of the marks are allocated from the preparation of single company financial statements; either a statement of profit or loss and statement of financial position or a statement of cash flows, using a pro-forma template The remaining 60% of the marks are from 24 multiple-choice, multi-part multiple choice or multiple-response questions These questions will cover the areas of the syllabus in accordance with the weightings set out in the specification grid Ethics Ethics is an overarching requirement for the professional accountant and students will be expected to recognise that the exercise of judgement is required in applying fundamental accounting concepts Students will learn about the IESBA Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants – fundamental principles and the ICAEW Code of Ethics and consider the merits of a principles-based code Specific questions on this area are included within the ‘Maintaining financial records’ weighting in the specification grid Specification grid This grid shows the relative weightings of subjects within this module and should guide the relative study time spent on each Over time the marks available in the assessment will equate to the weightings below, while slight variations may occur in individual assessments to enable suitably rigorous questions to be set Syllabus area vi Weighting (%) Maintaining financial records 30 Adjustments to accounting records and financial statements 25 Preparing financial statements 45 ICAEW 2020 Key resources Whether you're studying the ICAEW CFAB or ACA qualification or ICAEW CFAB, with an employer, at university, independently (self-studying), or via an apprenticeship, we provide a wide range of resources and services to help you in your studies They can be found on our website Be sure to visit the specific area for your qualification ACA students, you can access dedicated exam resources, guidance and information for the ACA qualification via your dashboard at icaew.com/dashboard ICAEW CFAB students, you can access everything you need at icaew.com/cfabstudents Syllabus and technical knowledge grids This gives you the full breakdown of learning outcomes for each module and how your technical knowledge will grow throughout the qualification Study guide This guides you through your learning process, putting each chapter and topic of the Study Manual into context and showing what learning outcomes are attached to them Exam webinars The pre-recorded webinars focus on how to approach each exam, plus exam and study tips Errata sheets These are available on our website if we are made aware of a mistake within a Study Manual or Question Bank once it has been published Student support team Our dedicated student support team is here to help and advise you throughout your studies, don't hesitate to get in touch Email studentsupport@icaew.com or call +44 (0)1908 248 250 to speak to an adviser ICAEW Business and Finance Professional (BFP) ICAEW Business and Finance Professional (BFP) is an internationally recognised designation and professional status It demonstrates your business knowledge, your commitment to professionalism and that you meet the standards of a membership organisation Once you have completed the ICAEW CFAB qualification or the ACA Certificate Level, you are eligible to apply towards gaining BFP status Start your application at icaew.com/becomeabfp ICAEW 2020 vii viii Accounting ICAEW 2020 CHAPTER Introduction to accounting Introduction Examination context TOPIC LIST The purpose of accounting information The regulation of accounting The main financial statements Capital and revenue items Qualitative characteristics of useful accounting information Accounting concepts and conventions Ethical considerations Summary and Self-test Technical references Answers to Interactive questions Answers to Self-test Introduction Learning outcomes Specify why an entity maintains financial records and prepares financial statements Specify the ethical considerations for preparers of financial statements Record and account for transactions and events resulting in income, expenses, assets, liabilities and equity in accordance with the appropriate basis of accounting and the laws, regulations and accounting standards applicable to the financial statements Specify the key aspects of the accrual basis of accounting and the cash basis of accounting Tick off Specific syllabus learning outcomes are: 1a, b, d; 3b Syllabus links The material in this chapter will be developed further in this exam, and later in the Professional level module Financial Accounting and Reporting Examination context Questions on topics in this chapter will be knowledge-type multiple choice , multi-part multiple choice or multiple-response questions In the exam you may be required to: identify capital as opposed to revenue expenditure specify the distinctions between the different qualitative characteristics identify the principles that relate to each qualitative characteristic identify the different interests of stakeholders identify the differences between IFRS Standards and UK GAAP Accounting ICAEW 2020 Notes ICAEW 2020 ICAEW 2020 Notes Notes ICAEW 2020 ICAEW 2020 Notes Notes ICAEW 2020 ICAEW 2020 Notes Notes ICAEW 2020 ICAEW 2020 Notes Notes ICAEW 2020 ICAEW 2020 Notes Notes ICAEW 2020 ICAEW 2020 Notes Notes ICAEW 2020 ICAEW 2020 Notes Notes ICAEW 2020 ... Izza Chief Executive ICAEW ICAEW 2020 iii iv ICAEW 2020 Contents Key resources Introduction to accounting The accounting equation 35 Recording financial transactions 67 Ledger accounting and double... Adjustments to accounting records and financial statements 25 Preparing financial statements 45 ICAEW 2020 Key resources Whether you're studying the ICAEW CFAB or ACA qualification or ICAEW CFAB,... the ICAEW CFAB qualification or the ACA Certificate Level, you are eligible to apply towards gaining BFP status Start your application at icaew. com/becomeabfp ICAEW 2020 vii viii Accounting ICAEW