ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in, 1026 triage considerations, 1022 tumor necrosis factor inhibition therapy, 1025 Kawasaki shock syndrome, 1026 Keloids, 1354 , 1355 f Kernicterus, 503 Kernig sign, 123 Ketamine, 39 , 39 t, 1069 , 1072 Ketoacidosis, 358 Ketorolac (Toradol), 887 Kidney, genitourinary trauma, 1131 angioembolization, 1135 clinical recognition, 1133 discharge/admission, clinical indications, 1135 –1136 evidences, 1132 –1133 hematuria, 1133 hypertension, chronic, 1136 initial assessment, 1133 management/diagnostic testing, 1133 –1135 angiography, 1135 computed tomography, 1133 –1134 intravenous urography, 1134 –1135 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 1135 nuclear medicine imaging, 1135 ultrasound, 1134 pediatric patient, algorithm for evaluation, 1132 f pediatric renal trauma, 1131 renal fracture, 1135 f renal injuries, classification of, 1134 f seat belt sign, 1133 treatment goal, 1131 –1132 Kiesselbach plexus in, 1331 Kikuchis syndrome, 909 Kingella kingae , 306 , 1359 , 1387 Klippel–Feil syndrome, 330 Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome, 1351 Klumpke palsy, 558 Knee, anatomy of, 276 f Knee fractures, 1199 –1203 common fractures, 1200 f dislocations, 1200 –1201 distal femoral fractures, 1200 distal tibia, toddler’s fracture, 1204 f ligamentous injuries, 1201 –1202 , 1202 f nondisplaced proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture, 1203 f patellar dislocations, 1201 patellar fractures, 1201 patella, sleeve fracture of, 1202 f patella, transverse fracture of, 1202 f proximal tibial physis, Salter-Harris type I fracture, 1203 f Salter–Harris type I fracture, 1201 f Salter–Harris type II fracture, 1201 f spiral fracture, 1200 f tibial spine, avulsion fracture, 1202 f tibial tubercle/spine fractures, 1202 –1203 traction splint to stabilize femoral fractures, 1200 f Knee injuries differential diagnosis, 276 t acute, 275 –279 , 281 f dislocations, 275 –277 fractures, 275 lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injuries, 277 medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries, 277 posterior cruciate ligament injuries, 277 posttraumatic infection, 279 soft tissue injuries, 277 –279 subacute, 279 , 282 f evaluation and decision, 280 –282 approach to, 281 f–282 f diagnostic maneuvers for, 280 t Ottawa Knee rules, 280 testing for Apley compression test, 278 , 279 f collateral ligament injury, 277 , 277 f Lachman test, 277 , 277 f McMurray’s test, 278 , 278 f Knowing–doing gap, Koebnerization, 468 Koebner phenomenon, 468 Kohler disease, 302 Koplik spots, 348 Kugelberg–Welander disease, 558 Kussmaul respirations, 486 L Labetalol, 243 –244 Labial adhesions, 764 –765 Labyrinthitis, 389 Laceration repair, 1127 –1129 , 1158 Lacerations, 1113 buccal mucosa, 1167 , 1167 cheek, 1166 –1167 clinical considerations, 1128 –1129 corneal, 1266 f evidences, 1129 external ear blunt trauma, 1165 –1166 facial nerve, 1128 f lip, 1166 nail bed, 1167 –1168 nasal, 1166 2-octylcyanoacrylate, 1129 tongue, 1167 treatment goals, 1127 –1128 Lactobacillus reuteri , 139 Lamotrigine, 456 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), 312 , 471 , 906 Laryngeal and tracheal trauma clinical recognition, 1119 evidences, 1119 initial assessment, 1120 thyroid cartilage, loss of, 1120 f treatment goals, 1119 triage, 1119 –1120 Laryngeal mask airways (LMAs), 41 , 66 Laryngeal tube, 41 Laryngomalacia, 1405 Laryngotracheitis (croup), 133 , 134 t, 136 Laryngotracheobronchitis, 479 Larynx, 1331 Larynx and trachea trauma bronchial foreign body, 1119 f clinical recognition, 1118 evidences, 1118 foreign bodies, 1118 initial assessment, 1119 management, 1119 triage, 1118 –1119 Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injuries, 277 Lateral condylar fracture, 1188 f Lateral neck lesions, 1349 –1351 See also Neck lesions, lateral Lateral pharyngeal abscesses, 509 Laxatives, 132 Lead lines, 1064 f Lead poisoning, 419 , 1062 –1064 , 1064 t Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, 187 Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), 613 Left ventricular outflow tract obstructive (LVOTO) lesions, 595 Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD), 279 –280 , 302 , 304 , 405 clinical recognition, 1373 epiphysis, 1374 f evidences, 1373 hip, 1374 f initial assessment/H&P, 1374 management/diagnostic testing, 1374 Leishmaniasis, 849 –850 Lemierre syndrome, 322 , 512 Length of stay (LOS), in pediatric EDs, 24 Leptospirosis, 313 , 844 ... management/diagnostic testing, 1374 Leishmaniasis, 849 –850 Lemierre syndrome, 322 , 512 Length of stay (LOS), in pediatric EDs, 24 Leptospirosis, 313 , 844