Green Energy Course Syllabus CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Green Energy (1 lecture) CHAPTER 2: Electric Power Industry - Distributed Generation Technologies (1 lecture) CHAPTER 3: Wind Power Systems (2 lectures) CHAPTER 4: Solar Resource- Photovoltaic Materials (1 lecture) CHAPTER 5: Photovoltaic Systems (3 lectures) CHAPTER 6: Energy Storage - Electric Vehicles (1 lecture) CHAPTER 7: Other Renewable Energy Resources (0.3 lecture) CHAPTER 8: Smart Grid (0.7 lecture) TUTORIALS: DC-DC Converters; MPPT; Roof Top Solar Home; HOMER Sofware; PV+ Wind Power Problems; Papers on RE LABS: on RE topics Renewable Energy and Energy Storage for A Sustainable Development: What Alternatives? A look on energy, renewable energies, energy storage and synthetic fuels, hybrid architecture, fuel cells, hydrogen as a vector of energy of the future. 2/18/2012 2 CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Green Energy Technology Biên sọan: Nguyễn Hữu Phúc Khoa Điện- Điện Tử- Đại Học Bách Khoa TPHCM The Earth resources are quite limited in quantity Many challenges to mankind in 21 st century: development, health, water, food, demography, education, energy Energy… for a sustainable development 2/18/2012 3 Energy is an abstract concept for different concrete manifestations • In physics, energy(Ancient Greek: ἐνέργεια energeia "activity, operation" [1] ) is a quantity that is often understood as the ability a physical system has to produce changes on another physical system. [2][3] The changes are produced when the energy is transferred from a system to another. A system can transfer energy by means of three ways, namely: physical or thermodynamical work, heat transfer, or mass transfer. • Energy is a scalar physical quantity. In the International System of Units (SI), energy is measured in joules, but in many fields other units, such as kilowatt-hours and kilocalories, are customary. • Energy is by nature of conservation: Energy may not be created nor destroyed. • Any form of energy can be transformed into another form. When energy is in a form other than thermal energy, it may be transformed with good or even perfect efficiency, to any other type of energy. • With thermal energy, however, there are often limits to the efficiency of the conversion to other forms of energy, as described by the second law of thermodynamics. Depending on circumstances, some fraction of thermal energy exists in a form unavailable for further transformation; the remainder may be used to produce any other type of energy, such as electricity. -cooking, heating - lighting - mechanical work: machines -Industrial processing - information processing -transports Primary sources of energy Fire from burning wood or oil Animal force (horses, dogs, buffalos,…) Water of rivers and tides (mills, …) Wind (pumps, mills,…) And other forms of renewable energies 2/18/2012 5 Energy sources of 21st century • Fossil fuels: coal, oil, natural gas • Nuclear Energy • Electricity: secondary form of energy as of modern energy type of high quality, synonym of development. • During 20 th century, there are great concerns for our green planet: - natural resources are quite limited, especially in terms of energy - mankind is destroying the earth environment in the process of his development • What is the future: towards a development with renewable resources? • And which new energy vectors will be adapted? 2/18/2012 6 => Primary Energy and Energy Storage Vectors Electrification of the world Vision Sustainable energy production Photos: NASA, NREL Trustworthy energy systems Vision Best use of resources Photos: Philips Lumileds, OSHA, I. Dobson Flexible, intelligent autonomy Vision Photos: ajou.ac.kr, EPRI, LBL World Energy Situation World consumption of energy, as of 2004 140.10 6 GWh or 12 G TOE (G= Giga= 10 9 ; TOE= Ton of Oil Equivalent) 2/18/2012 10 Renewables Fossil Fuel Nuclear PRIMARY SOURCES [...]... in the field of Green Energy related to electric power really attract undergraduate and graduate students Going Green with PV Systems Applications: Stand Alone or… 2/18/2012 32 off-grid or grid-connected 2/18/2012 33 Renewable energy= Flux Energy Which energy vectors are well suitable for the future? At present: • Fossil fuels= energy storage and energy vector • Electricity= energy of flux , enrgy... PV Energy= 1.2 GWh/year • 1 MW of Nuclear Energy= 7 GWh/year ENERGY STORAGE? 29 The World is Now Going Green with Wind Power… 2/18/2012 30 Vietnam is Really Going Green? • First windmills of 2, 0 MW/unit already installed along Natonal Highway 1 A in Tuy Phong DistrictBinh Thuan Province => Demand for Green Power is a must in Vietnam in the near future => Training and Researches in the field of Green. .. in final usage) In the future: • Electricity, flux energy from renewables and nuclear energy • Other vectors : capable of being stored and transported • Hydrocarbon from CO2 of atmosphere: biofuels • Hydrogen 2/18/2012 34 Energy Storage using Hydro Reservoirs of Different Altitudes 2/18/2012 35 Storage in the form of Mechanical Energy= Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) 2/18/2012 36 ... quadrillion) BTU,[1] or 1.055 × 1018 joules (1.055 exajoules or EJ) in SI units The unit is used by the U.S Department of Energy in discussing world and national energy budgets The global primary energy production in 2004 was 446 quad, equivalent to 471 EJ [2] Some common types of an energy carrier approximately equal 1 quad are: 8,007,000,000 Gallons (US) of gasoline 293,083,000,000 Kilowatt-hours (kWh)...Average Energy Consumption/ day A man consumes 65 kWh/day on the average 2/18/2012 11 Sectors consumming primary energy Output electricity produced of 12% Residences and offices Electricity production Industry Transports • Fossil Fuels are widely and directly used as primary sources and serve as convenient energy vector with low efficiency 2/18/2012 12 Joules, BTUs, Quads A quad is a unit of energy. .. TOE Population growth and development: growth of energy consumption 2/18/2012 18 2000: 12 G TOE 2020: 20 G TOE 2040: 28 G TOE 2/18/2012 19 2/18/2012 20 2/18/2012 21 2/18/2012 22 2/18/2012 23 A “soft” scenario of development A Great Effort ! 2/18/2012 24 Which renewable energies? 2/18/2012 25 Fossil Hydrocarbons = Solar Energy Storage 2/18/2012 26 9 Energy received from the Sun: 1600.10 GWh/year -reflected:... 25,200,000 Tonnes of oil 252,000,000 tonnes of TNT or five times the energy of the Tsar Bomba nuclear test 2/18/2012 13 Development, Oh, Development ! … of economy … of consumption … of population ….and of polution And degeneration of natural resources !! 2/18/2012 14 Pollution, gas emission: global warming, urban polution 2/18/2012 15 Green House Effect: a beneficiary and fragile equilibrium Deforestation:... highly efficient= development an ideal secondary vector, but… distributed through a network which is bulky and costly (2 billions of human population have no access to electricity) Renewable Energy => Electric Energy Which primary sources is electricity produced from? World production: 40.106 GWh (3200 GW installed) 4% Hydropower 38% 40% 18% External EVN, 2439 MW, 21% 2/18/2012 Coal filled Thermal... which means 60% of energy lost in heat rarely recuperated => a big energetic waste of non- renewable resources Heat recovery => Cogeneration An action of conscience already taken…even in timidity • Wind power: 30 % growth per year/ 35 000 MW installed • 0.5% of world electricity production • 145 000 MW expected in 2010 • which means 2.5 % of world electricity production • Photovoltaic Energy: 2000 MW . Green Energy Course Syllabus CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Green Energy (1 lecture) CHAPTER 2: Electric Power. RE topics Renewable Energy and Energy Storage for A Sustainable Development: What Alternatives? A look on energy, renewable energies, energy storage and