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Structural design
[...]... rotation, and are described, analysed and designed in detail in Chapter 7 Structural Design of Steelwork to EN 1993 and EN 1994 • 3 1.1.2 Standard Steel Sections The optimization of costs in steel construction favours the use of structural steel elements with standard cross-sections and common bar lengths of 12 or 15 m The billets of steel are hot rolled to form bars, flats, plates, angles, tees, channels,... Degree of exposure, Shape of the members and details, Quality of workmanship and control, Protective measures, Maintenance Methods of protecting steel work are given in BSEN ISO 12944 (1998) and the specification for weather resistant steel is given is BS 7668 (1994) Corrosion of steel work reduces the cross-section of members and thus affects safety Corrosion, which occurs on the surface of steel, ... BSI BS 4360 (1990) Specification for weldable structural steels BSI BSEN 10056-1 (1990) Hot rolled structural steel sections BSI BSEN 10210-2 (1997) Hot rolled structural steel hollow sections BSI BSEN 5950 (2001 and 1998) Structural use of steel work in buildings BSI EN 1993-1-1 (2005) General rules and rules for buildings BSI EN 1993-1-8 (2005) Design of joints BSI Buchanan R.A (1972) Industrial archeology... method of limit state design recognizes the variability of loads, materials, construction methods and approximations in the theory and calculations Limit states may be at any stage of the life of a structure, or at any stage of loading and are important for the design of steelwork To reduce the number of load cases to be considered only serviceability and ultimate limit states are specified Each of these... FABRICATION OF STEELWORK 1.4.1 Drawings Detailed design calculations are essential for any steel work design but the sizes of the members, dimensions and geometrical arrangement are usually presented as drawings Initially the drawings are used by the fabricator and eventually by the contractor on site General arrangement drawings are often drawn to scale of 1:100, while details are drawn to a scale of 1:20... tolerance of approximately 50 mm is often included in the design, with provision for grouting under the base Tolerances are also provided to allow lateral adjustment of the foundation bolts Tolerances between concrete and steelwork are also important because two different contractors are involved 1.4.3 Fabrication, Assembly and Erection of Steelwork The drawings produced by the structural designer are... (approximately 5% of the UK steel production), and is generally used for special steels such as stainless steel Structural Design of Steelwork to EN 1993 and EN 1994 • 7 From the converter the steel is ‘teemed’ into ingots which are then passed to the rolling mills for successive reduction in size until the finished standard section is produced The greater the reduction in size the greater the work hardening,... 1,00 1,00 1,10 Joints Structural Design of Steelwork to EN 1993 and EN 1994 • 19 2.3 DESIGN STRENGTH (cl 6.1, EN 1993-1-1 (2005)) The characteristic strength of steel is the value obtained from tests at the rolling mills, but by the time the steel becomes part of a finished structure this strength may be reduced (e.g by corrosion or accidental damage) The strength to be used in design calculations is... occasionally of importance in structural steel design It is measured by the resistance the surface of the steel offers to, the indentation of a hardened steel ball (Brinell test), a square-based diamond pyramid (Vickers test) or a diamond cone (Rockwell test) Higher strength often correlates with greater hardness but this relationship is not infallible Ductility may be described as the ability of a material... with human error involved in design calculations, or construction, or in the use of the structure 1.3.4 Structural Systems Structural frame systems may be described as: (a) simple frames, (b) continuous frames, (c) semi-continuous frames Structural Design of Steelwork to EN 1993 and EN 1994 • 11 These titles refer to the types of joints and whether bracing is included Simple design assumes that ‘pin joints’ . the design of steel and com- posite steel concrete structures as described in Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures and Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel concrete. 1 1.1 Description of steel structures 1 1.2 Development, manufacture and types of steel 5 1.3 Structural design 7 1.4 Fabrication of steelwork 12 CHAPTER 2