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Boilers for power and process
[...]... Temperatures for Various Gas Temperatures 142 4.1 Major Impurities in Water and Their Effects and Removal 148 4.2 ASME Guidelines for Water Quality in Modern Industrial Water Tube Boilers for Reliable Continuous Operation 155 4.3 Major Impurities in Feed Water and Problems 156 4.4 ABMA Standard for Boiler Water Concentrations for Natural Circulation Boilers for Minimizing... CRC_75365_FM.indd xii 3/23/2009 7:32:30 PM Contents Section III: xiii Boilers and Firing 9 Industrial and Utility Boilers 381 9.1 Water Tube Boilers for Industry and Power 381 9.1.1 Characteristic Features of Industrial Boilers 381 9.1.2 Characteristic Features of Utility Boilers 382 9.2 Industrial Boilers 383 9.2.1 Boiler Classification by Firing ... 5.8 Common Sheet and Tube Thicknesses 177 5.9 Boiler Quality Pipes to American Specifications and Their Equivalent BS and DIN Standards 178 5.10 Pipe Schedules, Thicknesses (mm), and Weights (kg/m) as per ANSI 179 5.11 Pressure Castings and Forgings to American Specifications and Their Equivalent BS and DIN Standards 181 5.12 Structural Steels Required in Boilers ... Balanced Draft and Pressurized Firing 394 9.3 Utility Boilers 395 9.3.1 Small versus Large Utility Boilers 395 9.3.2 Supercritical Boilers 396 9.3.3 Boiler Designs for Utilities 404 9.3.4 Features of Supercritical Boilers 408 9.3.5 Drum-Type or Supercritical Boiler? 415 9.3.6 Standard Plant Configurations for Supercritical Boilers 416... 168 5.2 Steel Forms Required for Various Pressure Parts 169 5.3 BQ Plates—American Specifications and Equivalents 171 5.4 Differences between Tubes and Pipes 172 5.5 Boiler Quality Tubes to American Specifications and Their BS and DIN Equivalents 174 5.6 Common Steel Tubes and Pipes with Their Areas of Application in Boilers 175 5.7 Tube Sizes and Weights... Figures xxv 9.5 Bidrum boiler with pinhole grates and fuel distributors 391 9.6 Inclined water-cooled grate for high-moisture biofuels 392 9.7 Balanced draft and pressurized boilers 395 9.8 Typical draft-loss diagrams for pressurized and balanced draft boilers 395 9.9 Sub- and supercritical cycles on T–s chart 397 9.10 Sub- and supercritical cycles 397 9.11... 401 9.16 Load transients in drum and once-through boilers 401 9.17 Typical hot, warm, and cold start-up times 402 9.18 Variable and sliding pressure operation 403 9.19 Auxiliary power of boiler feed pumps in fixed and sliding operations 403 9.20 Two-pass opposed wall-fired boiler with divided gas flow in second pass and part vertical superheater and reheater 405 9.21 Two-pass... Low-temperature corrosion limits (external) for CS economizer and airheater tubes for various fuels 252 6.37 (a) Single-pass air and gas vertical tubular airheater in cross flow (b) Three-pass gas and single-pass air vertical tubular airheater (c) Two air and two gas vertical airheater (d) One gas and two-pass air vertical tubular airheater (e) Three gas and three air vertical tubular airheater... 366 8.60 Lane and mass blowing 367 8.61 Fully retractable soot blower 367 8.62 Soot blowing patterns for platens and pendants 368 8.63 Rake-type soot blower for economizer and tubular airheater 369 8.64 Typical piping for soot blowers 370 8.65 Wave generator and bell section of acoustic blower 371 8.66 Tubular gauge glasses: (a) plain and (b) protected... Viscosity versus temperature chart for various liquid fuels 124 3.10 Schematic of CO gas formation 131 3.11 Four stages of ash deformation temperatures 134 3.12 Effects of iron compounds and reducing conditions on IADT 135 3.13 (a) Special tubes and liners for wear resistance (b) Tube arrangements for better wear life 138 3.14 Slagging and fouling zones in a PF boiler . Boilers and Firing 9 Industrial and Utility Boilers 381 9.1 Water Tube Boilers for Industry and Power 381 9.1.1 Characteristic Features of Industrial Boilers. imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Boca Raton London New York BOILERS for POWER and PROCESS Kumar Rayaprolu CRC_75365_FM.indd iiiCRC_75365_FM.indd