Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Bộ sách Luyện Chuyên Sâu Ngữ Pháp Và Bài Tập Tiếng Anh 10 giúp các em mở rộng kiến thức, nắm chắc các cấu trúc ngữ pháp quan trọng, sách kèm bài tập để các em tự kiểm tra, đánh giá năng lực cũng như củng cố lại kiến thức Tiếng Anh. Cấu trúc cuốn sách được chia làm 4 phần: Vocabulary: Nhanh chóng ghi nhớ từ vựng có trong mỗi bài học thông qua hình ảnh minh họa và ví dụ cụ thể. Grammar: Hệ thống kiến thức ngữ pháp có trong bài học giúp các em nắm chắc cấu trúc ngữ pháp, sử dụng ngữ pháp dễ dàng với ví dụ chi tiết. Bài tập vận dụng cơ bản: Các dạng bài tập ôn luyện từ vựng và ngữ pháp ở mức độ cơ bản bám sát chương trình học và kiểm tra mới của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo. Bài tập vận dụng nâng cao: Rèn luyện khả năng sử dụng từ vựng và ngữ pháp với bài tập ở mức độ nâng cao giúp đánh giá năng lực và sự tiến bộ qua từng bài học.
https://ebook.hoit.asia UNIT 3: MUSIC A VOCABULARY Or New words and Meaning ability/ə.ˈbɪ.lə.ti/(n) - I have some douts about her ability to the job khả - Tôi nghi ngờ khả làm việc cô ta - It was a great achievement for such a young singer - Đó thành tựu lớn ca sĩ trẻ - The show is expected to air for the first time next month - Chương trình mong đợi lên sóng lần vào tháng tới - The singer's biography can be easily found on the Internet - Tiểu sử ca sĩ dễ dàng tìm thấy mạng - He won second place in the singing contest last year - Anh giành giải Nhì thi ca hát vào năm ngoái - The contestants are practicing very hard for the show tonight - Các thí sinh luyện tập chăm cho buổi biểu diễn tối - My idol has conquered a national music contest - Thần tượng chiến thắng thi âm nhạc cấp quốc gia achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ (n.) thành tựu, thành tích, thành air /eə(r)/(v): phát thanh/ hình biography /baɪˈɒɡrəfi/ (n): tiểu sử contest /ˈkɒntest/ (n): thi contestant /kənˈtestənt/ (n.) thí sinh conquer /ˈkɒŋkə(r)/ (v.) chinh phục, chiến thắng dangdut /dangdut/ (n): loại nhạc dân gian Inđơ-nê-xi-a debut album /ˈdeɪbjuː - ˈỉlbəm/ (np) tập nhạc tuyển đầu tay 10 11 Example exceptional / ɪk.ˈsep.ʃnn̩əl/ (adj) - Dangdut is a kind of Indonesian popular music - Dangdut loại nhạc thịnh hành Indonesia - The female singer's debut album has been a great success - Album đầu tay nữ ca sĩ thành công rực rỡ - At his age of four he showed his exceptional talent khác thường, có - Năm lên bốn tuổi, anh thể tài đặc biệt fan /fỉn/ (n) - He received letters from fans người hâm mộ - Anh nhận thư từ người hâm mộ 12 idol /ˈaɪdl/ (n): - He is my idol https://ebook.hoit.asia thần tượng - Anh thần tượng inspirational /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl/ 13 (adj.) truyền cảm hứng - He gave an inspirational speech yesterday modest / ˈmɒ.dɪst /(adj) - He is very modest about his achievements khiêm tốn, giản dị - Anh khiêm tốn thành tựu nominate / ˈnɒ.mɪ.neɪt/ (v) - He was nominated as best actor đề cử, định - Anh đề cử diễn viên xuất sắc 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 judge /dʒʌdʒ/ (n) - Hôm qua có phát biểu đầy cảm hứng - The judges' decision is final ban giám khảo - Quyết định ban giám khảo định cuối passionate / ˈpæ.ʃə.nət / (adj) - He has a passionate interest in music đam mê pop /pɒp/ (n) - Anh có niềm đam mê âm nhạc - Interestingly, the song has quickly become a phenomenon among the young - Thật thú vị ca khúc nhanh chóng trở thành tượng với giới trẻ - I like pop music nhạc bình dân, nhạc trẻ - Tơi thích nhạc pop prize / praɪz/ (n) - My sister won the first prize in the singing contest giải thưởng - Chị gái giành giải thi hát rhythm / ˈrɪ.ðəm/ (n) - I like music with a slow rhythm nhịp điệu - Tơi thích âm nhạc với nhịp điệu chậm talented/ ˈtæ.lən.tɪd/(adj) - He is a talented young musician tài - Anh nhạc sĩ trẻ tài phenomenon /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ (n) tượng B GRAMMAR I TO-INFINITIVE AND BARE INFINITIVE (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUN MẪU CĨ TO VÀ KHƠNG CĨ TO) Infinitives with "to" (Động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”) Động từ nguyên mẫu có “to” dùng để: - Làm chủ ngữ câu E.g: To become a teacher is her dream ( Trở thành giáo viên giấc mơ cô ấy) - Làm tân ngữ động từ E.g: It's raining, so she decides to bring an umbrella (Trời mưa, nên cô định mang theo ô.) https://ebook.hoit.asia - Làm tân ngữ tính từ E.g: I'm glad to see you here (Tôi vui thấy bạn đây.) - Chỉ mục đích: E.g: Is there anything to eat? (Có để ăn ko?) - Dùng sau từ để hỏi "wh-": who, what, when, how thường không dùng sau "why" E.g: I don't know what to (Tơi khơng biết phải làm gì.) - Đứng sau từ 'the first': "the second': "the last, "the only" E.g: Nam is the first person in my class to receive the scholarship (Nam người lớp nhận học bổng) - Đứng trước cấu trúc: a It takes/took + O + thời gian + to + V-inf (Ai để ) E.g: It took me weeks to find a suitable job (Tơi tuần để tìm công việc phù hợp.) b S + be + adj + to V-inf E.g: It's interesting to play volleyball together (Thật thú vị chơi bóng chuyền nhau.) c S + V + too +adj/adv + to + Vela (quá để ) E.g: It's too late to say goodbye (Đã trễ để nói lời tạm biệt.) d S + V + adj/adv + enough + to + V-inf (đủ để ) E.g: He speaks English well enough to communicate with foreigners (Anh nói tiếng Anh đủ tốt để giao tiếp với người nước ngoài.) e I + think/ thought/ believe/ find + it + adj + to + V-inf (tôi nghĩ để ) E.g: I find it difficult to learn to play the piano (Tôi thấy khó học chơi piano.) - Dùng sau số động từ Ta thêm "not" trước cụm "to +V-inf" để nghĩa phủ định: afford, agree, appear, arrange, attempt, begin, care, choose, consent, determine, happen, hesitate, hope, intend, pretend, propose, promise, refuse, love, offer, start, swear, E.g: All citizens agree to build a water park at the center of the city (Tất công dân đồng ý xây dựng công viên nước trung tâm thành phố.) - Dùng sau số động từ có tân ngữ kèm: ask, advise, allow, bear, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, compel, intend, order, permit, like, invite, request, tell, trouble, want, prefer, warn, wish, teach Form: S + V + + to + V-inf E.g: The doctor advises me to eat more vegetables (Bác sĩ khuyên nên ăn nhiều rau xanh.) - Dùng sau số tính từ cảm xúc người: able, unable, delighted, proud, ashamed, afraid, glad, anxious, surprised, pleased, easy, amused, annoyed, happy, ready E.g: Tam is able to speak Spanish fluently (Tâm nói tiếng Tây Ban Nha trôi chảy.) Bare infinitives/ Infinitives without “to” (Động từ ngun mẫu khơng có "to") Chúng ta sử dụng động từ ngun mẫu khơng có "to" khi: https://ebook.hoit.asia - Đứng sau động từ khuyết thiếu: can, could, should, may, might, will, shall, would, must E.g: This child can sing a folk song in German (Đứa trẻ hát hát dân gian tiếng Đức.) - Đứng sau "had better","would rather/sooner" hay "rather than" E.g: You'd better study harder in order to pass the exam (Bạn nên học tập chăm để vượt qua kỳ thi.) - Đứng sau "make': "let" Make/ Let + O + V (bare -inf) E.g: Anna let her daughters play outside (Anna để gái chơi bên ngoài.) - Đứng sau động từ tri giác, thể hành động hoàn tất biết toàn việc xảy ra: hear, smell, watch, notice, feel E.g: I heard someone scream at midnight (Tôi nghe hét vào lúc nửa đêm.) BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Put the verbs into the correct form (infinitive with or without to) I can (speak) _ English We have to (do) _our homework You must (stay) _ at home I will (help) _ you He cannot (see) _us My little sister learns (speak) _ English We want (go) _ to the cinema You should (ask) _ your parents I'd like (have) _a dog 10 May I (come) _ in? Bài 2: Rewrite the following sentences using an infinitive Example: - It is no use trying to convince her of this - It is no use for us to try to convince her of this It won't be any good talking to her about it It wouldn't be much good complaining to the minister about it It is no fun having so many children to look after https://ebook.hoit.asia Will it be any good my seeing the boss about it? It is just silly throwing away your chances like that Bài 3: Match the words in the column A with the words in the column B to make a meaningful sentence A B My teacher forces me a chores around her house Kate encourages others b to the dishes after dinner Kelly can't get her suitcase c to try new things with her John's brother had his friend d help him with his homework I always help my grandmother e to my homework Mark hates it when his mom tells him f to close properly Bài 4: Put the verbs into the correct form Could you please stop (make) _so much noise? He refused (lend) _me any money Don't let him (try) _ this dangerous game! I don't enjoy (write) _ letters Miss Smith was very strict No one dared (talk) _ during her lessons I've arranged (play) _ tennis tomorrow afternoon Tom made Mary (cry) _ yesterday Have you finished (wash) _your hair yet? Sally offered (look) _ after our children while we were out 10 He admitted (steal) _ our car 11 She doesn't want (go) _ home now 12 We are not allowed (talk) _in the library 13 Would you mind (answer) _ me some questions? 14 They watched their children (play) _ football 15 He begged her ( not/tell) _his mother Bài 5: Choose the correct answer in the bracket https://ebook.hoit.asia My teacher (made / convinced) me to practice for two hours every night Are you sure I can't (convince / make) you to come with us? Sometimes late at night, my mother (gets / lets) me go out Emily and Daisy are always (having / persuading) us to go shopping with them My teacher is going to (get / have) me take a special math class next month Even though Mike doesn't like it, his father always (forces / has) him to go to music lessons after school Bài 6: Rearrange the jumbled words to make sentences to / that / again / for me / would be / It / awful ten years / the championship / to win / took / the team / It dollars / lunch / to buy / It / four / costs information / allows / to get /The Internet / us / anywhere / from me / to give / my teacher / less / My mother / persuaded / homework Bài 7: Complete the passage with words from the box wake up seems try excited home in the middle My daily life to be pretty boring Every day, I go to school to listen to my teachers talk about the same thing After school, I get to meet my friends so we can go play soccer I then go to eat dinner After that I to finish my homework, but I usually stop to take a nap I then to finish my homework before going back to sleep for the night II COMPOUND SENTENCES (CÂU GHÉP) Định nghĩa: Câu ghép câu chứa từ mệnh đề độc lập trở lên, diễn tả ý có tầm quan trọng ngang Hay nói cách khác, câu ghép thành lập câu đơn nối với liên từ Conjuntions: liên từ dùng câu ghép là: • F= for • A= and • N= nor https://ebook.hoit.asia • B= but • O= or • Y= yet • S= so Cách ghi nhớ: FANBOYS E.g: I stayed at home during my holiday, for I had to work (Tơi nhà kỳ nghỉ, tơi phải làm việc.) Tim likes playing football, and he enjoys cooking (Tim thích chơi bóng đá anh thích nấu ăn.) He didn't go to school, nor did he stay at home (Anh ta không học, không nhà.) Sue studied hard, but she didn't pass the exam (Sue học chăm chỉ, cô không vượt qua kỳ thi.) We will go shopping, or we will go to the cinema (Chúng mua sắm, xem phim.) Jane did very well on her job interview, yet she didn't get the job (Jane làm tốt vấn việc làm mình, khơng nhận công việc.) She needed to buy something, so she decided to go shopping (Cơ cần mua thứ đó, cô định mua sắm.) Cách thành lập câu ghép Cách 1: IC + (,)+ CC + IC CC: coordinating conjunction/ coordinator: liên từ đẳng lập; IC: independent clause: mệnh đề độc lập E.g: I was ill yesterday, so I stayed at home (so liên từ đẳng lập) Cách 2: IC + (;) + IC Chúng ta sử dụng dấu chấm phẩy (semicolon) để liên kết mệnh đề câu ghép mệnh đề có liên quan chặt chẽ đến mặt ý nghĩa) E.g: Lan was very hungry this morning; she ate a lot BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG Bài 8: Decide if each sentence is a simple sentence or a compound sentence He had been horseback riding before Mark felt a little nervous on a horse, but he would never admit it He discovered that riding was a lot of fun, and he couldn't wait to tell his friends about it There don't seem to be many bears in the national park this year Suddenly, she pointed out the car window towards some trees Bài 9: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence The ducklings are dark, (but/ or) the adult ducks are white https://ebook.hoit.asia The ducklings were playing (but/ or) they were learning, too The ducklings ate a lot, (but/ and) they grew fast I brought bread with me, (but/ and) I fed the ducks Maybe they knew me, (and/ or) maybe they just liked the food I fed them Bài 10: Use FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) to write one compound sentence using the two simple sentences Mark drove to visit his friend They went out for dinner - Show a sequence of events Linda thinks she should go to school She wants to get qualifications for a new profession - Provide a reason David invested a lot of money in the business The business went bankrupt - Show an unexpected result John didn't understand the homework assignment He asked the teacher for help - Show an action taken based on a reason The students didn't prepare for the test.They didn't realize how important the test was - Give a reason Sue thinks she should stay home and relax She also thinks she should go on vacation - Show additional information The doctors looked at the x-rays They decided to operate on the patient - Show an action taken based on a reason We went out on the town We came home late - Show a sequence of events Tim flew to London to visit his Uncle He also wanted to visit the National Museum - Show addition 10 It is sunny It is very cold - Show a contrast https://ebook.hoit.asia BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 11: Choose the correct answer in the bracket I can't imagine Lucy (going/ to go) by bike He agreed (buy/ to buy) a new car It is easy (answer/ to answer) this question The man asked me how (getting/ to get) to the airport I look forward to (see/ seeing) you at the weekend Are you thinking of (visit/ visiting) London? We decided (run/ to run) through the forest The teacher expected Linda (study/ to study) hard She doesn't mind (working/ to work) the night shift 10 I learned (riding/ to ride) the bike at the age of Bài 12: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence It was very dangerous We couldn't risk _her alone A leave B leaving C to leave D left C repairing D repair C to stay D stayed I had the roof _yesterday A to repair B repaired We let our son _ up late at weekends A staying B stay The children were eager _ their parents A to see B see C seeing D saw C stayed D stay He'd rather _ at home A to stay B staying Nam is very humorous His joke makes me _a lot A laugh B to laugh C laughing D laughed C to signing D signed They saw him _the agreement A sign B to sign It's necessary for her _back home before 10 p.m A coming B come C came D to come They would _ go to Ho Chi Minh City by plane than travel by train A like B rather C prefer D better 10.The boss allows _home A us to stay B us stay Bài 13: Put the verbs into the correct form C us staying D us to staying https://ebook.hoit.asia I can't think of (go) _ to visit her in hospital without (buy) some flowers Don't hesitate (ask) _ me if you have any questions It was very kind of you (show) _ me the way to the post office I am looking forward to (see) _ him again I intend (study) _ English to understand the cultures of foreign countries She still plans on (marry) _ him even after he refused (buy) _ her an engagement ring I cannot resist (eat) _ fish when I am in England She enjoys (go) _ to parties and (dance) _ all the night long I stopped (live) _in London when I realized it was time for me (move) 10 Don't forget (turn) _ off the light before you leave the house Bài 14: Use fanboys (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) to write one compound sentence using the two simple sentences I have studied French for many years As a result, my French-speaking friends can chat easily with me now You are quite intelligent However, you don't think before you act My friends Jane and Jennifer have just moved into a new home.They've made many changes in its appearance Sue could study music next year She could study drama instead Tom watches the news Bill makes news https://ebook.hoit.asia UNIT 4: FOR A BETTER COMMUNITY A VOCABULARY Or New words and Meaning advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ (n): quảng cáo, rao vặt announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ (n): thông báo apply /əˈplaɪ/(v): nộp đơn xin việc Example - I saw your advertisement in the Youth Newspaper yesterday - Tôi thấy quảng cáo bạn tờ Thanh Niên hôm qua - This announcement is very important - Thông báo quan trọng - When I saw the job advertisement on the Internet, I applied and was chosen - Khi thấy quảng cáo việc làm Internet, nộp đơn chọn https://ebook.hoit.asia 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 balance /ˈbæləns/ (v): làm cho cân benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ (n.) lợi ích - I try to balance work and family commitments - Tôi cố gắng cân cam kết cơng việc gia đình - Doing volunteer work has a lot of benefits - Làm tình nguyện có nhiều lợi ích - Many young people are concerned about community concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/ (a): problems lo lắng, quan tâm - Nhiều người trẻ quan tâm đến vấn đề cộng đồng - He is a creative designer creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ (a): sáng tạo - Anh nhà thiết kế sáng tạo dedicated /ˈdedɪkeɪtɪd/ (a): - She is the most dedicated doctor in our hospital tận tâm, tận tụy - Cô bác sĩ tận tụy bệnh viện - He made a great contribution to the development of our development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ (n): country phát triển - Ơng có đóng góp to lớn cho phát triển đất nước - A new educational program has been set up to help disadvantaged ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒd/(a) disadvantaged children thiệt thòi - Một chương trình giáo dục thiết lập để giúp trẻ em thiệt thòi - A young businessman donated a lot of money to the donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ (v): charity cho, tặng, quyên góp - Một doanh nhân trẻ quyên góp nhiều tiền cho tổ chức từ thiện excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/(a): - He is getting excited about his holiday phấn khởi, phấn khích - Anh phấn khích kỳ nghỉ experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/(n.) - Do you have any experience in teaching children? kinh nghiệm - Bạn có kinh nghiệm dạy trẻ khơng? - Schools and hospitals are necessary facilities facility /fəˈsɪləti/(n.) - Trường học bệnh viện sở vật chất cần sở vật chất, trang thiết bị thiết fortunate /ˈfɔːtʃənət/ (a): may mắn handicapped /ˈhændikæpt/ (a): tàn tật, khuyết tật helpful /ˈhelpfl/(adj.) hữu ích, nhiệt tình helpless /ˈhelpləs/(adj.) bất lực, vơ vọng invalid /ɪnˈvỉlɪd/ (n): người tàn tật, người khuyết tật, thương binh martyr /ˈmɑːtə(r)/ (n): liệt sỹ - He's very fortunate to have found such a nice house - Anh may mắn tìm nhà đẹp - We should help handicapped children - Chúng ta nên giúp trẻ em khuyết tật - The host family was very helpful - Gia đình chủ nhà nhiệt tình - They are helpless victims of war - Họ nạn nhân bất lực chiến tranh - War invalids and the families of martyrs should be helped a lot - Thương binh gia đình liệt sĩ cần giúp đỡ nhiều - There are many volunteer activities such as helping old people and taking care of the families of martyrs https://ebook.hoit.asia 21 meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ (a): có ý nghĩa 22 narrow-minded /ˈnỉrəʊ ˈmaɪndɪd/ (adj.) hẹp hịi, nhỏ nhen, nơng cạn 23 24 25 26 non-profit /nɒn ˈprɒfɪt/(adj.) phi lợi nhuận obvious /ˈɒbviəs/ (a): rõ ràng, hiển nhiên passionate /ˈpæʃənət/(adj.) đam mê, nồng nhiệt patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ (a): kiên trì, kiên nhẫn 27 position /pəˈzɪʃn/(n.) vị trí 28 priority /praɪˈɒrəti/ (n.) ưu tiên 29 remote area /rɪˈməʊt ˈeəriə/(n phr.) vùng sâu vùng xa 30 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/(v.) tình nguyện - Có nhiều hoạt động tình nguyện giúp đỡ người già chăm sóc gia đình liệt sĩ - His job is very meaningful - Cơng việc anh có ý nghĩa - He had been narrow-minded before he took this volunteer trip - Cậu người nông cạn trước tham gia chuyến tình nguyện - We are a non-profit charity organisation - Chúng tổ chức từ thiện phi lợi nhuận - It's obvious that my sister doesn't like him - Rõ ràng em gái tơi khơng thích anh - I am a passionate and creative person Tôi người giàu đam mê sáng tạo - Be patient with her - she's very young Hãy kiên nhẫn với cô - cịn trẻ - I'm writing to apply for the position of a volunteer guide Tôi viết thư để ứng tuyển vị trí hướng dẫn viên tình nguyện - Protecting the environment is our top priority Bảo vệ môi trường ưu tiên hàng đầu - Our program aims at helping poor households in this remote area Chương trình chúng tơi nhằm vào việc giúp đỡ hộ nghèo vùng sâu vùng xa - A group of students volunteer to clean this area every Saturday Một nhóm học sinh tình nguyện dọn dẹp khu vực vào thứ Bảy hàng tuần B GRAMMAR I THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative Negative S + V (past) (+ O) S + did not/ didn't + V(bare-inf) (+ O) They went to the They didn't go to the cinema last night cinema last night Interrogative Did + S + V(bare-inf) (+ O)? Did they go to the cinema last night? Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc thời điểm khứ (finished actions or events) https://ebook.hoit.asia E.g: I saw him at the airport yesterday (Tôi thấy sân bay ngày hôm qua.) My aunt sent me a letter two days ago (Dì tơi gửi thư cho hai ngày trước.) - Diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại khứ (repeated actions) E.g: I played soccer three times a week when I was at school (Tơi chơi bóng đá ba lần tuần tơi cịn trường) She went to Paris twice last year (Cô đến Paris hai lần vào năm ngối.) - Diễn tả thói quen q khứ (past habits) E.g: She visited her parents every Sunday (Cô đến thăm cha mẹ cô chủ nhật.) We often went swimming every afternoon (Chúng thường bơi buổi chiều.) - Diễn tả tình trạng hay tình khứ E.g: Did you have a car when you were young? - Diễn tả chuỗi hành động xảy liên tiếp (sequences of actions) E.g: He ran to the car, jumped in and raced off into the night Các cụm từ thời gian (Time phrases) Một số cụm từ thời gian thường dùng khứ đơn: yesterday, last night/week/month/ year, etc., two days/ weeks/months, etc ago, in 2000, at that moment, then, suddenly, when Quy tắc thêm "ed" vào sau động từ *) Đối với động từ có quy tắc - Thông thường ta thêm "ed" vào sau động từ E.g: wash —> washed return —> returned remember —> remembered Tuy nhiên, cần lưu ý số điểm sau thêm “ed”: + Nếu động từ tận "e" ta cần thêm "d" E.g: like —> liked love > loved decide —> decided + Nếu động từ có âm tiết tận phụ âm mà trước phụ âm nguyên âm ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối thêm "-ed” E.g: stop —> stopped Note: commit —> committed tap —> tapped prefer —> preferred (Động từ có âm tiết trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2) - Nếu động từ tận "y" mà trước y nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i) ta thêm "ed" https://ebook.hoit.asia E.g: play —> played stay —> stayed - Nếu động từ tận "y" mà trước y phụ âm ta đổi "y" thành "i” thêm “ed" E.g: study —> studied cry —> cried *) Đối với động từ bất quy tắc Với động từ bất quy tắc, động từ biến đổi hình thức thành dạng khứ cột Bảng động từ Bất quy tắc Tiếng Anh (V2) E.g: go —> went; say —> said; —> did; forget —> forgot; buy —> bought Quy tắc phát âm động từ có "ed" - Khi động từ có tận phụ âm /t/ /d/ ta phát âm /id/ E.g: Wanted / ˈwɒn.tɪd /; Needed /ˈniː.dɪd/ - Khi động từ có tận phụ âm vơ /p/, /f/, /k/, /s/, /.1"/, /tf/ ta phát âm /t/ E.g: Stopped / stɒpt /: Laughed / lɑːft /; Cooked / kʊkt /; Watched / wɒtʃt / - Khi động từ có tận phụ âm ngun âm cịn lại ta phát âm /d/ E.g: Played / ˈpleɪd/ ; Opened /ˈəʊ.pənd/ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Write the past forms of the irregular verbs Infinitive Simple past Infinitive Simple past Meet Stand Drive Run Speak Feel Put Write Sing Do Cost Catch Feed Forget Sit Bài 2: Put the verbs into the simple past tense Last year she (go) _ to Da Nang City on holiday It (be) _ terrible I (visit) _ lots of beautiful places I (be) _with two friends of mine In the mornings they (walk) _ in the streets of Hanoi In the evenings we (go) _ to the cinema https://ebook.hoit.asia The weather (be) _ strangely fine It (not / rain) _ a lot We (see) _some beautiful rainbows Where (you/ spend) _ your last holiday? 10 It was sunny, so I (take) _ off my coat 11 The film wasn't good I (not enjoy) _it very much 12 I knew Sally was very busy, so I (not disturb) _ her 13 My father was very tired, so he (come) _ back home early 14 The bed wasn't comfortable I (not sleep) _very well 15 My sister wasn't hungry, so she (not eat) _anything 16 We went to our parents' house but they (not be) _at home 17 It was a funny story but nobody (laugh) _ 18 The window was open and a bird (fly) _ into my room 19 My husband was in a hurry, so he (not have) _time to phone you 20 The bags (be) _very heavy Bài 3: Make questions for the underlined part of the sentence She clicked the mouse button Mr David robbed a bank The house was built five years ago The students respected their teacher They welcomed the new student warmly Bài 4: Complete the sentence with the verbs in the box Put the verbs into past simple tense buy drink sell throw catch fall spend win cost hurt teach write Mozart more than 600 pieces of music My mother me to learn to ride a bike They couldn't afford to keep their car, so they it https://ebook.hoit.asia I the water very fast because I was very thirsty Tom and I played badminton yesterday He is much better than me, so he _ easily John down the stairs last night and his leg Tim the ball to his sister, who it Mary _a lot of money this morning She _a dress It _ 50 dollars Bài 5: Fill in the blank with ONE suitable word from the box in the past simple tense go get start break stay buy spend find want see have leave Two years ago we (1) _ a holiday in Scotland We (2) _ there from London, but our car (3) _ down on the motorway and we (4) _ the first night in Birmingham When we (5) _ to Edinburgh we couldn't find a good hotel - they were all full We didn't know what to do, but in the end we (6) _ a bed and breakfast and (7) there for the week We (8) _ the castle, went to the Arts Festival, and we (9) _ a lot of souvenirs We (10) to go to Loch Ness but we didn't have much time and it was quite far away The weather was good, but it (11) _ the day we (12) _ Bài 6: Fill in the blank with only ONE suitable word from the box in the correct form be (x2) watch have ago start eat go yesterday decide want study last have not be sleep Tom went to library for his physics homework assignment (1) Saturday He (2) physics all day He (3) out of the library at o'clock Then, he got on a bus to go home He met one of his old friends on the bus He didn't (4) to go home directly They (5) to a cafe together He (6) really great time with him He got home at six The dinner (7) ready so he (8) TV For dinner, he ate spaghetti and salad, but he didn't (9) the delicious dessert He (10) on diet He went to his bedroom and (11) listening to some music He finished his book three days (12) and he bought a new book (13) However, he didn't feel like reading it He (14) really tired, and (15) to go to bed early He (16) all night and finished the day II THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thì khứ tiếp diễn) Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative Negative Interrogative S + was/ were + V-ing (+O) S + was/ were + not + V-ing (+O) Was/ Were + S +V-ing (+O)? My brother was reading books at this time last night Cách dùng (Use) My brother wasn't reading books at this time last night Was your brother reading books at this time last night? https://ebook.hoit.asia - Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm cụ thể khứ (actions in progress at a point of time in the past) E.g: At o'clock yesterday, I was doing the homework (Vào ngày hôm qua, làm tập nhà) - Diễn tả hành động diễn khoảng thời gian khứ (actions in progress over a period of time) E.g: My husband was working hard all day (Chồng làm việc chăm ngày.) *) Note: Các cụm từ thời gian như: all day, all the morning, thường dùng trường hợp - Diễn tả tình huống/ việc tạm thời diễn khứ (temporary or changing situations in the past) E.g: At the time, I was working for a bank in this city (a temporary situation) I was becoming bored with the job, so I decided to change (a changing situation) - Diễn tả hành động diễn hành động khác xen vào khứ (an action was in progress when another action happened/ interrupted it) E.g: We were having dinner when someone knocked at/on the door (Chúng tơi ăn tối gõ cửa / vào cửa ) - Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động đồng thời xảy khứ (two or more actions in progress at the same time in the past) E.g: While I was cooking dinner, my husband was playing computer games (Trong nấu bữa tối, chồng tơi chơi trị chơi điện tử.) *) Note: Chúng ta khơng thường dùng q khứ tiếp diễn động từ tình trạng, sở hữu, cảm xúc, tri giác như: be, cost, belong, own, have, feel, hear, hate, like, etc Các cụm từ thời gian (Time phrases) Các cụm từ thời gian thường sử dụng như: while, as, when, meanwhile, at that time, all the morning/ afternoon/ day, etc BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG Bài 7: Write the - ing form of the following verbs Infinitive V- ing Share Tidy Shut Dial Lie https://ebook.hoit.asia Bài 8: Write sentences in the past continuous tense the snowman / melt / in the sun they / explore / a new territory the boss/ print out / a document the boy/ not / concentrate / on the task Michael/ not / practise / on the piano Bài 9: Make questions for the underlined part of the sentence At six o'clock, Mike was reading the document Sarah was waiting for him in the park The students were talking about American culture The secretary was writing a letter Lisa was looking for her necklace Bài 10: Put the verbs into the correct form (the past continuous tense) When I phoned my friends, they (play) computer games Yesterday at six my sister (prepare) dinner The children (play) in the garden when it began to rain I (practice) the guitar when she came home They (not / cycle) all day While Tom (work) in his room, his friends (swim) in the pool I tried to tell my mother the truth but she (not/ listen) What (you / do) yesterday ? Bài 11: Complete the text with the verbs in the box using the pastcontinuous tense smoke bark hold walk wear eat sleep drink walk read https://ebook.hoit.asia It was exactly nine o'clock Outside, it was raining We (1) our books in the living room, and our 9-year-old twins (2) quietly in their bedroom My husband (3) a cup of tea, and my father (4) a cigarette Our 16-year-old daughter (5) towards the door She (6) her dark blue raincoat and she (7) an umbrella She (8) a chocolate bar Our cats (9) beside her, and our dog (10) loudly It was a normal evening Suddenly, two men jumped through the window! Bài 12: Circle the correct answer in the bracket I _ - I didn't hear you come in (was sleeping/ slept) I _ to see her twice, but she wasn't home (was coming/ came) What _ ? - I was watching TV (did you do/ were you doing) He was a character who _from the rich and gave to the poor (stole/ was stealing) Hey, did you talk to her? Yes, I _to her (was talking/ talked) I _ home very late last night (came/ was coming) When _ a cold? (did you have/ were you having) _a good time in Paris? Yes, I had a blast! (Were you having/ Did you have) We _ breakfast when she walked into the room (had/ were having) 10 Last month I decided to buy a new car, and today I finally _it (bought/ was buying) Bài 13: Complete the text using the correct form of the verb in the brackets in either the past simple or past continuous This morning (1 be) terrible! I (2 wake up) late and I (3 rush) to get to school on time when I (4 remember) that I (5 forget) my homework at Tom's house last night We (6 study) together when my mom (7 call) and (8 tell) me to come home for dinner Then, while I (9 brush) my teeth, I (10 realize) that I had a test in English that I didn't study for! I (11 be) so upset that I (12 get) toothpaste on my shirt and had to change my clothes! I (13 miss) the bus and had to walk to school It (14 be) awful! BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 14: Write the words in the correct order I/ the bus/ caught/ yesterday/ to work/ it was raining/because/ didn't/ she/ for a walk/ got I got/TV/ when/ watching/ my/ brother/ was/ home/ https://ebook.hoit.asia break/ your arm/ you/ how/ did/? last summer/ in a beautiful village/ spent/ we/ last night/ Sally/ what/ was/ wearing/ at the party/? a loud party/ while/ my neighbors/ I/ were having/ to study,/ was trying/ you/ to the cinema/ last night/ did/ go/? Bài 15: Choose the correct answer in the bracket Last night I _on my thesis and it took me a while to realise that my phone was ringing (work/ was working) When you _I was in a meeting so I couldn't answer your call (called/ were calling) David can never agree with Tim They _ (always argue/ are always arguing) Why did you disagree with me at the meeting? to make me look incompetent? (Did you try/ Were you trying) Daisy _ the buffet while I was looking for the drinks (prepared/ was preparing) Tim _ home when the accident happened (walked/ was walking) I _ to work, even when it rained (was always walking/ always walked) Kelly _ her speech when I walked in (was finishing/ finished) Bài 16: Put the verbs into the past simple or past continuous tense I used my time well while I (wait) for the train - I wrote some emails I (not/work) when my boss walked in my office I was on Facebook I saw a car crash when I (wait) for the taxi Tom (have) long hair and a beard when he was at university It started raining while I (drive) to work What (you/do) this time last year? I (not/call) you at 10 o'clock as arranged because I was having a meeting I (still/sleep) when my husband left for work this morning Bài 17: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct tense, past simple or past continuous Use the passive form if necessary When she heard the phone ring, she (stop) reading to answer it My mother (read) , so she didn't see me walking past When the accident happened, thousands of people (pass) through the airport https://ebook.hoit.asia I (have) English lessons every week from the age of four onwards They decided to leave the beach because it (get) dark and they wanted to get home while there was still some light Kate already (think) of leaving university before she failed her first year exams? Since your house had a pool, you (swim) every day? The disaster (attract) hundreds of people from the country to the city Sorry I couldn't come on Monday, but I (work) on my project 10 The national park (create) to protect wildlife Bài 18: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct tense Last night, while I was doing my homework, Hoa (1 call) She said she (2 call) me on her cell phone from her biology classroom I asked her if she (3.wait) for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall lecturing while she (4.talk) to me I couldn't believe she (5 make) a phone call during the lecture I asked what was going on She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (6 sleep, actually) in class Some of the students (7 talk) about their plans for the weekend and the student next to her (8 draw) a picture of a horse When Hoa (9 tell) me she was not satisfied with the class, I (10 mention) that my biology professor was quite good and (11 suggest) that she switch to my class While we were talking, I (12 hear) _ her professor yell, "Miss, are you making a phone call?" Suddenly, the line went dead I (13 hang) _ up the phone and went to the kitchen to make dinner As (14 cut) _ vegetables for a salad, the phone rang once again It (15 in class be) _ Hoa, but this time she wasn't sitting in the class Bài 19: Read the story and answer the following questions A DISASTROUS DINNER Last Friday, Mrs Anderson planned to have a delicious dinner She bought a T-bone steak and some cream and apples for an apple pie When she came home from the shops she put her shopping on the table While she was setting the table, her two pets sat underneath it and watched her Then she went to the kitchen to make the pastry for the pie She was a little forgetful so she didn't realize the steak, cream and apples were still on the table While she was making the pastry, the dog jumped on a chair and looked longingly at the steak At last it took the steak in its mouth and jumped off the chair, just as Mrs Anderson was coming back into the dining room Mrs Anderson screamed, but the dog ran into the garden She ran after the dog While she was chasing the dog, the cat jumped on the table and started drinking the cream Mrs Anderson didn't manage to catch the dog, and she came back into the dining room When she https://ebook.hoit.asia saw the cat, she shrieked, and the cat got such a fright that it jumped a meter into the air, and leapt out the window Mrs Anderson threw her broom at the cat, but she missed, and broke the window At the same time she overbalanced and put her hand in the cream, spilling it all over the tablecloth Poor Mrs Anderson - she had no dinner, only a dirty tablecloth and a broken window Answer these questions about the story Answer in complete sentences What did Mrs Anderson plan? Why did she buy cream and apples? When did her pets watch her? Where did she leave the steak? When did the dog jump on the chair? How did the dog look at the steak? When did the dog jump off the chair? Where did the dog go? What was she doing when the cat jumped on the table? 10 What did Mrs Anderson when she saw the cat? ... Tom watches the news Bill makes news https:/ /ebook. hoit. asia UNIT 4: FOR A BETTER COMMUNITY A VOCABULARY Or New words and Meaning advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ (n):... applied and was chosen - Khi thấy quảng cáo việc làm Internet, nộp đơn chọn https:/ /ebook. hoit. asia 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 balance /ˈbæləns/ (v): làm cho cân benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ (n.) lợi... families of martyrs https:/ /ebook. hoit. asia 21 meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ (a): có ý nghĩa 22 narrow-minded /ˈnỉrəʊ ˈmaɪndɪd/ (adj.) hẹp hịi, nhỏ nhen, nông cạn 23 24 25 26 non-profit /nɒn ˈprɒfɪt/(adj.)