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2019 tạp chí khoa học nội vụI NGHIEN CUly TRAO 06l QUAN DIEM CUA V I LENIN VE KIEM SOAT QUYEN Udc N H A NUOIC VA Sir VAN DUNG, P H A T TRIEN TRONG THUC TIEN Cf VIET NAM Trinh Xuan Thang Tom tat BUdng tiidi, cdc nhd kinh dien c. 2019 tạp chí khoa học nội vụI NGHIEN CUly TRAO 06l QUAN DIEM CUA V I LENIN VE KIEM SOAT QUYEN Udc N H A NUOIC VA Sir VAN DUNG, P H A T TRIEN TRONG THUC TIEN Cf VIET NAM Trinh Xuan Thang Tom tat BUdng tiidi, cdc nhd kinh dien c.
I NGHIEN CUly - TRAO 06l QUAN DIEM CUA V.I.LENIN VE KIEM SOAT QUYEN Udc N H A NU'OIC VA Sir VAN DUNG, P H A T TRIEN TRONG THU'C TIEN Cf VIET NAM Trinh Xuan Thang Tom tat: BUdng tiidi, cdc nhd kinh dien ciia chu nghta Mdc - Lenin hdn rat nhieu v& van ie nhd nUdc Trong do, vdn de iiiSm sodt quyen life nhd nUOc (QLNN) dUdc Lenin noi tdi khd sdu sdc hdi le ong id nhdn thdy nguy ca tha hoa quyen life vd mong muon xdy dung mot cd quan quyen life thifc sif cua nhdn ddn, hudng den ldi ieh chung cua nhdn ddn Bdi viet ldm ro nhiing quan diem cua Lenin ve vdn ie kiem sodt QLNN vd sU van dung quan Hem ndy vdo thUe tiin Viet Nam Tiikhda: V.L.Lenin, nhd nUdc, quyen life, kiem sodt quyen life, thifc tiin Viet Nam Abstract: Marxists - Leninists have a lot of discussions about the state In particular, the issue of control of state power is mentioned quite profoundly by Lenin because he realized the risk of alienation of power and the desire to build a real power agency of the people, aiming to common benefits of people The article clarifies Lenin's views on the issue of control of state power, issues that are further researched, developed and creatively applied in Vietnamese practical conditions Keywords: V.L Lenin, the state, power, control of power, reality in Vietnam Ngdynhdnbdi:14/7/2019 Ngdysitabdi:18/9/2019 Ngdy duyet idng: 25/11/2019 Quan diem cua V.I.Lenin \S Idem scat quan ly nha nUdc cdn thiet phdi thifc hien kiem sodt quyen lUc cua bo mdy nhd nUdc Quan diem ciia V.LLenin ve kiem soat QLNN dugc the hien kha toan dien ca ve Sli can thiet cua viec kiem soat QLNN va nhflng phuong thiJc, dieu kite cu the de dam bao kiem soat QLNN co hieu qua NhCngquandi&inaydUacthe-hientrong nhi& tac pham kinh dien cua Lenin, bao gom ca nhflng bai vie't, bai phat bieu cua Lenin duoc ghi chep lai Qua thtrc tien lanh dao nha nitdc Xo viet, V.LLenin da thay dugc nguy cO * ^ ^°^ QLNN ca thdi ky xay '^^"S "ha niidc xa hpi chu nghia QLNN '* '*° '^''™ ' ' ^ "^ l^y™' "hilng nhflng "g'^^i'J^?^ "Y quy^n van co nguy co ' ' ' ' ™ 1"''™' ' " " W ^ long quyen, ^""^ """= ^^" ^ "°S "^'^"^ ^ '^'"^^ f"' ''^ ""^^ "^^ °^*= ''^ *™h *ie't che dd ng ngoai va dd ng tren nhan dan Thd nhdt, quan diem ciia Lenin ve sU Nguyen nhan cua sU tha hoa quyen Ittc ''' ThS, Hoc vien Chinh tri khu vUc IV I Tap chi Khoa hoc Noi vu \ \ \ NGHliN cifu-TRAOe6l ho^n canh tU ban chu nghia van ton tai, SCf huTu tii nhan va nhflng nhu cau tif loi ca nhan van ton tai, trinh dan tri thap, chiia du siic Idem soat QLNN "Trong cac to chiic chinh tri va cong doan cua chiing ta, vien chiic bi hu hoa (hay noi diing hOn la co xu hifdng bi hu hoa) bdi hoan canh tii ban chu nghia; hp co xu hilcfng bien nhiing ngilcfi quan lieu, nghia la nhflng nhan vat co dac quyen, thoat ly quan chiing va dflng tren qudn chiing" [ 1, tr 141 ] Vi vay, de han che sfl tha hoa quyen Iflc cua vien chfle nha nfldc, bao dam cho QLNN dfloc thflc hien CO hieu qua, Lenin chi yeu cau phai thiet lap dflcfc CO che kiem soat QLNN Thd hai, quan diem ciia Lenin ve thiet lap cd chi'kiem sodt QLNN td ben ngodi vd ben bo mdy nhd nddc Trong CO che kiem soat quyen Iflc tfl ben ngoai bo may nha nfl6c, Lenin nhan manh d^n viec nhan dan tham gia kiem soat QLNN Day la cd che hflu hieu de bio dam cho cac co quan nha nfldc thflc sfl boat dpng vi lpi ich va y chi cua ngfldi chu ma hp dflp c uy quyen "Cuoc dau tranh chong sfl lech lac quan lieu chu nghia cua cac to chfle Xo viet, dflp c dam bao bdi tinh vifng chac cua nhflng moi lien he gan lien cac Xo viet vdi nhan dan nghia la vdi nhflng ngfldi lao dpng va nhflng ngfldi bi bdc lot" [2, tr.347] Ngfldi dan sau da uy quyen cho co quan nha nfldc thi vl.n phai CO quyen ki^m soat bp may nha nfldc de khong bi mat quyen, lam quyen Cac cO quan nha nfldc phai luon giii moi lien he vdi nhan dan, chiu sfl kiem soat cua nhan dan de khong trd quan lieu, bp may dflng tren nhan dan Nhan dan cd quyen kiem soat QLNN trflde het phai cd quyen lfla chpn ngfldi dai dien thflc sfl xflng dang de hp tin cay uy quyen cho minh "Quan chung phai cd quyen dflp c de bat npi bp cua ho bat ky mpt cdng nhan nao len phu trach chfle vu lanh dao" [3, tr.49] Tuy nhi^n, quyen bau efl lfla chpn nhflng ngfldi dai dien eho minh chi thflc sfl ed y nghia gan quyen vdi quyen bai mien nhflng dai bieu ma hp thay khong xflng dang, khong la dai di^n thflc sfl cho lpi ieh va nguyen vpng cua hp nfla "Mpi eo quan dflpe bau hay hpi nghi dai bieu deu cd the eoi la cd tinh chat dan chu chan chinh va dai bieu thflc sfl cho y chi cua nhan dan nao quy^n bai mien eua efl tri doi vdi nhflng ngfldi trung efl dflpc thfla nhiln va ap dung" [4,tnl30] De nhan dan thflc sfl cd quyen kiem soat doi vdi nhflng dai dien ma hp uy quyen tren thflc te, Lenin nhac nhd "Thflc hanh mpt che dp dan chu day du hon, tinh chat it hinh thflc hon va de dang hon eua viec bau efl va bai mien cac dai bieu" [5, tr.44] Lenin nhan manh dieu bdi le doi quyen bau efl va bai mien eua nhan dan dflpc ghi nhan ve mat phap luat nhflng van khong the thflc hien tren thfle te vi nhflng quy trinh, thu tue de thflc hien nhflng quyen qua phflc tap Vi vay, khong dam bao quyen thflc sfl de Idem soat QLNN cua nhan dan De dam bao cho nhflng thu tue de dang thflc hien thi nhan dan phai la ngfldi trflc tiep quyet dinh cac the thflc, quy trinh thflc hien quyen bau efl va bai mien Trong tae pham "Nhflng nhiem vu trflde mat eua ehinh quyen Xd viet", Lenin viet "quan Tap chi Khoa hoc Noi vu | ) NGHliN CCfU-TRAO D6I chung tfl quy dinh lay the thflc va thdi han bau efl, hoan toan ed quy^n tfl bai mien nhflng ngfldi ma hp da bau ra" [5, tr.44l Dieu van cdn nguyen y nghia boi canh hien De nhan dan cd the thflc hien quyen bau efl va bai mien nhflng dai bi^u cua minh, thi van de quan trpng la nhan dan phai Idem soat dflpc boat dpng cua nhflng ngfldi dai dien cho minh Khong kiem soat dflpc hoat dpng cua cac can bp, nhan vien nha nfldc, khong biet hp eo hoat dpng thfle sfl dai dien eho y chi va nguyen vpng cua nhan dan hay khdng thi khong thflc hien dung dan quyen bau efl va bai miln "Quan chung phai cd quyen dflpc thay doi nhflng ngfldi lanh dao cua minh, phdi cd quyen dflp e hieu ro va kiem tra moi mpt bflde nhd nhat hoat dpng eua nhflng ngfldi dd" [5, tr.49] De kiem soat dflp c hoat dpng cua can bp, cong chfle nha nfldc, theo Lenin phai lap nhflng eo quan tra chuyen theo doi, giam sat hoat dpng cfla dpi ngu Nhflng CO quan tra co the la to chfle tra cua quan ehung "Thu hut toan bp quSn chung lao dpng, nam gidi va dac biet la phu nfl, de hp tham gia vao Ban Ihanh tra eong nong" [6, tr.74] Dong thdi, eae ed quan tra cua nha nfldc cung can ed sfl phoi hpp, tham gia cua nhan dan "Nhflng nhan vien thupc Ban Kiem tra Nha nfldc cd traeh nhiem theo mpt ban hfldng dSn rieng, thu hut cac dai dien hoac cac nhdm cua ban tra cdng ndng tham gia tat ea eae boat dpng cua minh" [5, tr.79] Khdng chl thong qua hoat dpng eua eac td chfle ehuyen traeh ve tra de nhan dan ed the vach ] Tap chi Khoa hoc Noi vu nhflng sai pham boat ddng eua cae can bd, cdng ehflc nha nfldc, ma Lenin edn nhan manh d^n hinh thflc tiep edng dan, ngfldi dan dflp e gfli eae ban kien nghi, to cao cua minh mot each de dang va thuan lpi nhat ve viee thflc hien nhi^m vu cua nhflng ngfldi dai dien cho minh den nhflng ngfldi va co quan cd tham quyen Trong So thao quy che ve cdng tac quan ly cae Xd viet, Lenm viet "De d^u tranh chong cae benh le me quan lieu va phat hien tot hon nfla cae hi^n tflpng lam dung, cung nhfl de vach mat va sa thai eae cdng ehflc bat IflPng da chui vao cac cP quan X6 viet, dat nhflng quy tac sau day: Quy che ve gid md cfla tiep cdng chung can phai dflp c yet thi d tflng CO quan chang nhflng d ma ea d ngoai nfla de eung ed th^ den eae eo quan Xd viet ma khdng can cd giay phep gi ca Phai nhat thiet to ehflc phong tiep khaeh eho viee lui tdi CO quan dflpc tfl do, hoan toan khdng can cd giay phep nao ca" [5, tr.75] Th^m ehi, L^nin edn ySu eau cae ep quan nha nfldc nhfl eo quan tfl phap, kiem tra nha nfldc phai ho trp toi da cho nhan dan ed the de dat nhflng y kien, kien nghi, to eao eua minh bang each viet don hd khdng lay tien cho nhflng ngfldi khdng bi^t chfl Nhfl vay, nhan ddn ed quyen kilm soat mpi hoat dpng eua can bd, cdng ehflc nha nfldc - nhflng ngfldi dai di^n eho y chi va quyen Iflc cfla hp de dam bao cho hoat dpng Dd la diing vdi chfle nang, nhiem vu ma hp da uy quyen, tranh lam quyen, long quyen la mot npi dung quan trpng eo che nhan dan tham gia kiem soat QLNN day, quyen bau efl, flng efl hay gap gd nhflng co quan \ \ \ NGHliN cufu - TRAO D6I chfle nang de gfli cac yeu ciu, kien nghi, to eao cua nhan dan chinh la nhflng each thflc the hien quyin Ifle cfla nhan dan doi vdi nhflng can bd thflc hien tdt hoae khong tot nhflng quyen ban ma nhan dan daflyquyin eho Hoat ddng eo ban cua nha nfldc la quan ly xa hpi bang phap luat, ban hanh khudn kho phap luat, to chfle thfle hien va kiem tra viec thflc hien phap luat dd dam bao mpi hoat dpng cua xa hpi deu khudn khd dd Vi vay, theo Lenin, n h ^ dan kiem soat QLNN la kiem soat mpi boat dpng eua nha nfldc, kiem soat khdng ehi nhflng cp quan dan efl nhan dan bau ma Idem soat tSt ca cac cP quan nha nfldc "Nguyen tac dan chfl ve to chfle - dfldi hinh thflc cao nhat cua nd, tfle la viec cac Xd viet thflc hien nhiing de nghi va nhflng yeu cau de cho quan chflng tich cfle tham gia khdng nhflng vao viec thao luan nhflng quy tac, nhflng quyet dinh va cac da o luat chung, khdng nhflng tham gia vao viec kiem tra viee chap hanh cac quy tac, quyet dinh va dao luat dd ma cdn trflc tiep tham gia thi hanh chflng nfla" [5, tr.48-49] Day la nhflng gia tri can tiep tuc van dung, phat huy Tuy nhien, co che nhan dan kiem soat QLNN theo quan dilm cua Lenin, van dung vao boi canh mdi hien van can tiep tue ed sfl bo sung, phat trien Lenin mdi dfla nhflng yeu eau, dinh hfldng cP bdn edn hien chflng ta can phai phat trien nhflng hinh thfle, bien phap cu the de thflc hien cac yeu eSu Lenin khdng chi ndi den eP che kiem soat auyen Ifle d ben ngoai ma cdn ban ve van dl kiem soat QLNN ndi bd, gifla cac nhanh QLNN vdi Ci day, Lenin ndi vl viec cac eo quan tfl phap dflpe quyen kilm soat boat ddng ban hanh cae dao luat, nghi quyet, quyet dinh hanh chinh cua eac cd quan dan efl (Qudc hpi, hpi ddng nhan dan d dia phflOng) va ep quan hanh phap "Ngfldi ta se sai lam vl nguyen tac neu ndi rang uy vien cdng td khdng dflpe quyen khang nghi doi vdi nhflng quyet dinh cfla Ban chap hanh Xd viet tinh va eua eae eO quan ehinh quyen khae eua dia phflpng" [5,tr.230]; "Uyvien cdng td chiu trach nhiem lam cho bat efl quyet dinh nao eua bat efl cO quan hanh ehinh dia phflong nao cung khdng dflpc di ngflpc lai phap luat, va chi ed tren quan diem d d, uy viln cdng td mdi cd traeh nhiem khang nghi ddi vdi mpi quyet dinh ngflpc vdi phap luat nhflng lam nhfl the, fly viln cdng to khdng ed quyin dinh ehl viec thi hanh quyet dinh, ma ehi cd trach nhiem dflng nhflng bien phap can thiet de lam eho sfl nhan thflc vl phap ehe dflpc hoan toan nhat tri toan nfldc edng hda" [5, tr.231] Thdng qua cd che nay, CO quan edng to ed tham quyen Idem tra, giam sat boat ddng ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat va cae quyet di nh hanh ehinh cua eac cd quan nha nfldc khac, bao gdm ck eP quan thude nhanh lap phap va hanh phap Day chinh la co che Idem soat quyen Ifle eua nhanh tfl phap ddi vdi lap phap va hanh phap Nhfl vay, Lenin da dfla di nh hfldng la gifla eac cd quan nha nfldc can cd sfl kiem soat quyen Ifle lan nhau, nhflng d day mdi chi ndi den CO quan tfl phap kiem soat hoat dpng eua CO quan hanh phap, lap phap; cdn ed ehe Tap chl Khoa hpc Noi vu | I NGHliN COU - TRAO D6I phan cua Ban Chap hanh Tnmg fldng cac Xd viet toan Nga Dai da so cac uy vien eua Ban chap hanh Trung fldng deu la nhflng ngfldi gifl chfle vu" [5, tr.235]; can phai Thd ba, quan diem cua Linin ve dieu tang dai bieu ehuyen traeh, nhflng ngfldi kien de ddm bdo tinh hiiu ldc kiim khdng gifl bat efl ehflc vu nao ed sodt QLNN quan nha nfldc tham gia vao eac Xd viet, Lenin Ididng chi dl cap den eae ed ehe cd quan lap phap "Thfla nhan la can phai kiem soat QLNN bao gdm cd che kiem dam bao it nhat 60% vien cua Ban soat ben va ben ngoai ma cdn dfla Chap hanh Trung fldng cae Xd viet toan nhflng yeu eau, dieu kien de dam bao Nga la edng nhan va ndng dan, nhflng tinh hieu Iflc kiem soat QLNNl.Dd ngfldi khdng gifl mdt ehflc vu nao la dam bao tinh doe lap, du quyen Ifle ed quan Xd viet, it nhat 67% cfla cae chu the kiem soat doi vdi eae ddi vien eua Ban Chdp hanh Trung fldng eae tflpng Idem soat De dam bao tinh doe lap Xd viel^toan Nga phai la dang vien cdng dd, theo Lenin trflde het phai cd sfl phan san" [5, tr.236] Cd dam bao dfldc tinh cdng quyin Ifle, giao nhiem vu mpt each ddc lap mdi dam bao dflpc tinh khaeh ddc lap, rd rang gifla eac co quan nha quan va hieu qua boat ddng eua cae nfldc Neu cp quan tfl phap lai thfle hien chu the kiem soat quyin Ifle bd may nhflng nhiem vu hanh chinh thi khdng nha nfldc Day la nhflng nguyen tae van the kiem soat cac cd quan hanh ehinh cdn nguyen gia tri thflc hien kiem dflpe: "Vien kiem sat lam edng soat QLNN ma chung ta can tiep tuc van viec kiem sat eua minh, khdng ed bat efl dung, ke thfla mdt quyen hanh ehinh nao, nd khdng ed Sfl van dung quand iem cua quyen bieu quyet bat efl mdt van de V.LLenin ve kiem soat QLNN thflc nao thude pham vi hanh ehinh Uy vien tien d Viet Nam va nhiing khuyen nghi cdng td cd quyen va cd bon phan chi lam Vecdban, nhflng tfl tfldng ve kiem soat mpt edng viee ma thdi" [5, tr.229-230] Dl dam bao tinh ddc lap cfla chu the kiem QLNN cua V.I.Lenin da dflpc nghien cflu soat vdi doi tflpng kiem soat thi edn phai van dung mdt each phu hpp dilu tranh sfl kiem nhiem cua dpi ngu can bd, kien thflc tien d nfldc ta Ben canh d d, cdng ehflc CJ day Lenin ndi neu dai bieu cung ed mdt sd ndi dung van dung cdn Cd quan lap phap lai kiem nhiem eac ban che hoae quan diem eua Lenin ehflc vu cd quan hanh phap, tfl phap chfla dflpe de cap den thi can ed nhflng thi cung rat khd de co quan lap phap cd dinh hfldng tilp tue hoan thien The do, the kiem soat boat ddng cfla cp quan hanh ndi dung van dung tfl tfldng cua Lenin phap, tfl phap "Ky hpp eua Ban chap hanh va dinh hfldng tiep tuc hoan thien ed ehl Trung flpng cae Xd viet toan Nga da eho kiem soat QLNN d nfldc ta ed the gom: thay rd sfl sai lam viec xep dat Thd nhdt, xac di nh rd yeu cau quan kiem soat eua ed quan lap phap va hanh phap ddi vdi ed quan tfl phap thi ehfla dfldc chi cu the I Tap chi Khoa hoc Noi vu \\V trpng can phai xay dflng va hoan thien eO che Idem soat QLNN Sau mdt thdi gian dai, chung ta ehfla chu y ding mflc den viec xay dflng co chl kiem soat QLNN, dae biet la CO ehe Idem soat gifla eac nhanh quyin Iflc, thi den da cd sfl chuyen bien rd vl mat nhan thflc ly luan va sfl quylt tam cua Dang ta viee xay dflng va hoan thien cd che Idem soat Tfl quan diem eua Chu nghia Mae - Lenin ve sfl can thilt phai thflc hien Idem soat quyen Ifle eua bd may nha nfldc va dieu kien thflc tien cfla Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hdi lan thfl XI cua Dang da xac dinh rd nhiem vu cap thilt phai xdy dflng, hoan thien eP che Idem soat QLNN gifla cae eo quan viec thflc hien cac quyin lap phap, hanh phap, tfl phap de d ap fl ng yeu eau xay dflng va hoan thien Nha nfldc phap quyen XHCN Viet Nam: "Nghien cflu xay dflng, bd sung cac the cbe va cd che van hanh cu the de dam bao nguyen tae tat ea QLNN thudc vl nhan dan va nguyen tac QLNN la thdng nhat, cd sfl phan edng, phoi hpp va Idem soat gifla cac co quan viec thflc hanh quyen lap phap, hanh phap va tfl phap" [7, tr.247] Quan dilm chi dao tren cua Dang da dflpc Hien phap nam 2013 quy dinh nguyen tac to ehflc QLNN cua Nha nfldc phap quyin XHCN Viet Nam: "QLNN la thong nhat, cd sfl phan edng, phdi hpp, kiem soat gifla cac CO quan nha nfldc viee thiic hien eae quyen lap phap, hanh phap, tfl phap" (Khoan 3, Dieu 2) Chinh vi vdy, qua trinh xay dflng va hoan thien Nha nfldc phap quyen d Viet Nam hien thfle chat cung la qua trinh hoan thien ed ehl Idem soat QLNN, dae biet la Idem soat gifla eae NGHIENC(fU-TRAODOI nhanh quyen Ifle Nhiem vu tiep tuc dflpc Dai hdi XII eua Dang ta xae dinh la rncit nhflng nhiem vu quan trpng xay dflng va hoan thien bd may Nha nfldc ta hien "Xae dinh rd ed che phan cdng, phdi hpp thflc thi QLNN, nhat la cd ehe kiem soat quyen Ifle gifla cac cd quan nha nfldc viec thflc hien eac quyin lap phap, hanh phap, tfl phap tren eo sd QLNN la thdng nhat" [8, tr.l76] Dac bilt bdi canh hien Dang va Nha nfldc ta phai doi mat vdi nhieu thach thflc, nhat la van nan tham nhiing, lang phi dien phflc t^p; cac hien tflpng long quyin, lam quyin, vi pham quyin ddn chfl, chay theo lpi ich ca nhan, lpi ieh nhdm; tinh hpp Hien, hpp ly cua cac quyet dinh quan ly nha nfldc chfla cao cang eho thay yeu eau bflc thiet cua viec hoan thien de dam bao van hanh hieu qua eO che kilm soat QLNN nham khae phuc va ban che tdi da nhflng bieu hien tieu cfle tren Thd hai, van dung quan diem eua Lenin vl xdy dflng eP ehe kilm soat QLNN tfl ben ngoai va ben bd may nha nfldc Ddi vdi CO che kiem soat quyin Iflc tfl ben ngoai bp may nha nfldc, chflng ta da ghi nhan quyen bau efl va bai mien cua nhan ddn ddi vdi cac dai bieu eua minh Day la mdt nhflng quyin cd ban eua eong dan nham phat huy dan ehu va dam bao sfl kiem soat quyin Iflc cua nhan dan ddi vdi bd may nha nfldc Tuy nhien, ehi mdi ed quyen bau efl la dflpc dam bao thfle hien, cdn quyin bai mien cua nhan dan van chfla dflpc bao dam thflc hien tren thfle te d nfldc ta vi nhflng quy trinh de thflc hien quyin van edn nhilu Tap chl Khoa hpc Npi vu | I NGHliN CCfU - TRAO o6l phflc tap Cho den van ehfla cd ed ehl quy dinh eu the quy trinh va chfla thflc hien lan nao quyin bai miln cua nhan dan ddi vdi cac dai bieu cua minh Do vdy, cdn phai tiep tue nghien cflu ban hanh eac quy dinh dl dam bao thflc hiln eO ehe Ben canh do, vile van dung quan dilm cua Lenin ve quyin Idem tra hoat ddng cua can bd, cdng ehflc va cae ed quan nha nfldc thdng qua eae cd quan tra cua chinh nhan ddn hoac tham gia phdi hpp vdi cac CO quan nha nfldc thi hien nay, chung ta da lap ban tra nhan dan, ban giam sat ddu tfld cpng ddng, Tuy nhien, dl phat huy hieu qua cd ehe kiem soat nhfl hien thi eae bien phap, hinh thflc de nhan dan ed the kiem soat boat ddng cfla can bd, edng chfle va cac cd quan nha nfldc can phai dflpc md rdng va da dang hdn nfla doi vdi tflng ddi tflpng can bd, edng chfle va eP quan nha nfldc eu thi Vi du, nhfl nhdn dan giam sat boat dpng cua cae eP quan, dai bieu dan efl bang each nao, theo ddi va truyen hinh trflc tiep eae cupc hpp Qude hpi, Hdi ddng nhan ddn (HDND), thdng qua theo ddi eflpng linh tranh efl eua eae dai bieu ma hp da dfla trflde bau efl, hay la nhan dan theo ddi va giam sat boat ddng cua can bd, cdng ehflc eua eP quan hanh phap, cP quan tfl phap NghTa la can phai md rdng va cu the hdn nfla eac hinh thfle de nhan dan kiem soat Cae hinh thflc de nhan dan the hien y ehi eua minh da cd kit qua Idem soat, d a biet boat ddng cua can bd, cdng chfle dd ed dung nhiem vu hay khdng, ed thfle sfl dai dien cd y chi va quyen ldi cua nhan dan hay khdng cung phai cd sfl bd sung, phat triln rapt 10 I Tap chi Khoa hoc Ndi vu each da dang hon nfla theo quan dilm cfla Lenin, khdng chi thdng qua quyen bau efl, quyen bai mien dai bieu dan efl, hoae din cae phdng tilp cdng dan ma cd the gfli cae kiln nghi din chinh cd quan ndi can bd cdng tac, khieu kiln len cd quan tfl phap de hp tham gia ed dau hieu vi pham hay thdng qua cae td chfle bao ehi Ddy la nhflng ndi dung cdn ed sfl bo sung, phat trien quan diem cua Lenin Ddng thdi, co che kilm soat QLNN ben ngoai, Lenin ehu yeu nhan manh din ehu thi thflc hien quyin la nhan dan, edn eae chu thi khac chfla dflpe ndi den nhilu nhfl CP che kilm soat quyin life cua Dang va cae td chfle ehinh tri - xa hdi, eae td chfle xa hdi ddi vdi bp may nha nfldc Vi vdy, can tiep tue ed sfl bo sung, phat trie'n ve eO che Idem soat eua cac ehu the ben ngoai ddi vdi QLNN Ddi vdi cP che kiem soat quyen Iflc ben bp may nha nfldc Nhflng quan diem, dinh hfldng vl kiem soat quyin Ifle gifla cac cd quan nha nfldc d nfldc ta thdi gian qua da the hien ro sfl van dung, phat triln tren nin tang tfl tfldng eua Lenin Vai trd Idem soat quyen life eua ed quan tfl phap ddi vdi quyen Ifle lap phap va hanh phap dflpc thi hien rd hdn theo quan dilm cfla Lenin vdi chfle nang kilm soat chung cfla Viln Kilm sat nhan dan d nfldc ta Trong qua trinh thfle hien chfle nang nay, Viln Kilm sat nhdn dan da thfle hien kha hieu qua viec kiem soat tham quyen ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat eua cae eo quan nha nfldc cdp bd va ehinh quyen dia phflOng "Tinh den nam 2001, Vien Kiem sat da nghien cflu hang tram nghin van ban, phap hien, khang \ \ \ NGHliN COU-TRAO D6I nghi gan 10 nghin van ban vi pham phap ludt, cd khdng it la van ban cfla cae eO quan cap bd, cdn lai la eua chinh quyen dia phflong" [9] Tuy nhien, den Hien phap 1992 sfla ddi nam 2001 thi Viln Kiem sat khdng edn tham quyen kiem soat chung nfla Dac biet, theo quy di nh eua Hien phap nam 2013, quyin tfl phap dflpe xac dinh la quyen xet xfl Toa an nhan dan thflc hien thi vai trd kiem soat quyen Iflc cua tfl phap ddi vdi cac cd quan nha nfldc khae chu ylu thupc vl Toa an nhan dan Do dd, den van ehfla ed eo ehe nao thi hien vai trd cua Vien Kiem sat nhan dan viec kiem soat quyen lap pbap va banh phap Trong van dl hien nay, d nfldc ta van chfla thflc hien day du tfl tfldng cua Lenin Ddng thdi, ddi vdi vai trd kiem soat quyen Iflc cfla cd quan hanh phap ddi vdi quyen liic lap phap va tfl phap cflng chfla cd nhflng dinh hfldng eu the tfl tfldng cua Lenin va den chflng ta vSn chfla xdy dflng dflpe eO ehe de dam bao Idem soat quyin Ifle eua ed quan hanh phap ddi vdi quyen lap phap va tfl pbap Ngoai quyin dl xudt, xay dflng va trinh ehinh sach ddi vdi Qudc hpi, the che phap ly chfla ed quy di nh nao cho thdy sfl tac ddng trd lai cua Chinh phu ddi vdi Qude hdi d nfldc ta Vi vdy, day van la nhflng van de ldn dat vl mat ly luan va thflc tien can tiep tuc nghien cflu de cd sfl bd sung, van dung cho phu hpp vdi yeu cau xay dflng Nha nfldc phap quyen XHCN d nfldc ta hien Trong qua trinh xay dflng va hoan thien ed che kiem soat QLNN d nfldc ta cflng cd nbieu diem van dung sang tao quan diem rua T pnin_ Chane han, ddi vdi vai trd kiem soat cua ed quan lap phap ddi vdi quyen Iflc hanh phap va quyin tfl phap mac du chfla dflpe dl cap va ban luan ehi tilt tfl tfldng cfla Lenin, nhflng ehung ta cung da xay dflng dflpe nhflng eP ehe eu the vl cd che kiem soat thdng qua nhflng hinh thflc giam sat eua cP quan quyen Iflc (Qude hdi va HDND eac cap) ddi vdi cd quan hanh phap, cO quan tfl phap va thdng qua eO ehe lay phieu tin nhiem, bd phieu tin nhiem ddi vdi nhflng ehflc danh bd may banh phap va tfl phap Qudc hpi va HDND bau hoae phe ehuan Co che kiem soat vdn dang van hanh thflc tien, nhflng can phai tilp tue dflpe nghien cflu de ddi mdi, hoan thien ca vl Iy ludn va thflc tien thi mdi ndng cao hieu qua kiem soat quyin Iflc cua cd quan lap phap ddi vdi quyen hanh phap va tfl phap Thd ha, van dung quan diem cua Lenin ve dil u kien de dam bao tinh hieu Ifle kiem soat QLNN Quan diem eua Lenin vl ylu cau, dieu kien de dam bao tinh hieu Ifle kiem soat QLNN dd la dam bao tinh ddc lap, dfl quyen Iflc cua cac ehu the kilm soat ddi vdi eac ddi tflpng kiem soat De dam bao tinh ddc lap dd, theo Lenin trflde hit phai ban che viee eac dai bieu cd quan lap phap lai kilm nhilm cae ehflc vu CO quan hanh phap, tfl phap Tuy nhien, thflc tien td ehflc bd may nha nfldc d nfldc ta chfla thflc sfl dam bao dflpc yeu eau Thflc te eo cau dai bieu eac CO quan dan efl d nfldc ta cho thay, ty le dai bieu Qude hdi ehuyen traeh cdn it, dai bilu Qude hdi, HDND lam viee eac Tap ehi Khoa hpc Npi vu | II I NGHliN CUU - TRAO D6I ca quan hanh phap, tfl phap cdn nhieu tao tam ly ne nang, ne tranh hoat ddng kilm soat quyen Iflc Tyle dai bieu Qude hdi ehuyen trach khoa XIV (nhiem ky 2016-2021) mdi chi chiem 36% tong sd dai bilu Qudc hdi [9], Ty le thap hon nhilu so vdi cP cau dai bieu qudc hdi cua nhieu qudc gia tren the gidi So ddng dai bleu kiem n h i l m eae chfle vu bd may hanh chinh nha nfldc dan tdi sfl chdng cheo, gay nen nhflng tinh hudng "vfla d a bdng, vfla thoi cdi", thieu khach quan va ddc lap kiem soat hieu qua QLNN Nhflng yeu eau, dilu kien dam bao tinh hieu Ifle eua kiem soat QLNN la dam bao tinh doe lap gifla ehu t h i va doi tflpng k i l m soat QLNN ma Lenin dfla la rat dflng dan Tuy nhien, van can tiep tuc cd sfl bo sung, phat triln Tinh doe lap gifla eae ehu the va ddi tfldng Idem soat QLNN ngoai nhflng yeu eau vl phdn cdng nhiem vu, quyen Iflc rd rang gifla cac ed quan, tranh co che kilm nhiem, mdt ngfldi lara d ea hai cd quan nhfl theo quan dilm cua Lenin cdn ed the bd sung nhflng yeu cau khac nfla dam bao tinh dpc lap nhfl eae CP quan khdng quyet djnh ngan sach boat dpng, hay khdng cd quyen chi phdi d i n cdng tac can bd cfla Chang han, ddi vdi yeu cau ddc lap, ehl tuan theo phap ludt boat ddng cua cP quan tfl phap, nhflng thfle te co quan tfl phap van chiu sfl tac ddng, chi phdi v l ngan sach va bien e h l cdng chfle tfl cd quan hanh phap, lap phap nen ehfla dam bao dflpe sfl ddc lap thfle sfl eua eP quan tfl phap d nfldc ta hien 12 I Tap ehi Khoa hoc Noi vu Cd the ndi, tfl tfldng cua Lenin d a de cap d e n nhflng van d l khai quat va kha toan dien ve kiem soat QLNN Co che, dilu kien dam bao tinh hieu Ifle kiem soat QLNN ma Lenin ndi d e n van la nhflng dinh hfldng, ylu eau van cdn ed gia tri ddi vdi viee xay dflng va hoan thien cP c h l Idem soat QLNN d nfldc ta hien Tuy nhiln, qua trinh nghien cflu van dung nhflng quan d i e m eua Lenin, van can ed sfl bo sung, phat triln eho phu hpp vdi thfle tien, d a p flng yeu eau xdy dflng Nha nfldc phap quyin XHCN d Viet Nam hien T A I LIEU THAM KHAO LInin: Todn tap, Nxb Tien bd Mat x cdva, 1976,tdp33,tr 141 Lenin: Toan tap, Nxb Sfl That, H, 1963, tap 27, tr 347 Lenin ve bp may eua Dang va Nha nfldc, Nxb Thdng tin ly ludn Ha Npi, 1985, tr 49 Lenin: Todn tap, Nxb Tiln bd, Mat x cdva, 1977,tap25, tr 130 Lenin ve bd may eua Dang va Nha nfldc, Nxb Thdng tin ly luan, Ha Ndi, 1985, tr 44 LInin: Toan tap, Nxb Sfl That, H, 1963, tap 40, tr 74 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hdi Dgi bieu Todn qudc ldn t/ji?X/,Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia,H, tr 247 Dang Cdng san Viet Nara, Vdn kiin Dgi hgi Dgi bieu Todn qudc ldn thd XR, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, 2016, tr 176 http://tiasang.eom.vn/-dien-dan/ ... thuan lpi nhat ve viee thflc hien nhi^m vu cua nhflng ngfldi dai dien cho minh den nhflng ngfldi va co quan cd tham quyen Trong So thao quy che ve cdng tac quan ly cae Xd viet, Lenm viet "De d^u tranh... tflng CO quan chang nhflng d ma ea d ngoai nfla de eung ed th^ den eae eo quan Xd viet ma khdng can cd giay phep gi ca Phai nhat thiet to ehflc phong tiep khaeh eho viee lui tdi CO quan dflpc... Ifle ed quan Xd viet, it nhat 67% cfla cae chu the kiem soat doi vdi eae ddi vien eua Ban Chdp hanh Trung fldng eae tflpng Idem soat De dam bao tinh doe lap Xd viel^toan Nga phai la dang vien cdng