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TRADITIONAL AND
NOVEL RISK FACTORS IN
ATHEROTHROMBOSIS
Edited by Efraín Gaxiola
Traditional and Novel Risk Factors in Atherothrombosis
Edited by Efraín Gaxiola
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2012 InTech
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Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
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First published April, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com
Traditional and Novel Risk Factors in Atherothrombosis, Edited by Efraín Gaxiola
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0561-9
Contents
Preface IX
Chapter 1 Pathology and Pathophysiology of
Atherothrombosis: Virchow’s Triad Revisited 1
Atsushi Yamashita and Yujiro Asada
Chapter 2 Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis and Acute
Coronary Syndromes – A Clinical Perspective 21
Richard Body, Mark Slevin and Garry McDowell
Chapter 3 Roles of Serotonin in
Atherothrombosis and Related Diseases 57
Takuya Watanabe
and Shinji Koba
Chapter 4 Endothelial Progenitor Cell in Cardiovascular Diseases 71
Po-Hsun Huang
Chapter 5 CD40 Ligand and Its Receptors in Atherothrombosis 79
Daniel Yacoub, Ghada S. Hassan, Nada Alaadine,
Yahye Merhi and Walid Mourad
Chapter 6 In Search for Novel Biomarkers
of Acute Coronary Syndrome 97
Kavita K. Shalia and Vinod K. Shah
Chapter 7 Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease 119
Aditya M. Sharma and Herbert D. Aronow
Preface
Atherothrombosis has reached pandemic proportions worldwide. It is the underlying
condition that results in events leading to myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and
vascular death. As such, it is the leading cause of death worldwide manifested mainly
as cardiovascular/cerebrovascular death.
As the population of many countries becomes more aged, so the burden of
atherothrombosis increases. The burden of atherothrombosis is felt in numerous ways:
shortened life expectancy, increased morbidity and mortality and future risk of
consequences in multiple systems.
Although therapeutic improvements and public health policies for risk factors control
have brought about a reduction in atherothrombosis among the general population,
this success has not been extended to some group populations as diabetics.
The complex and intimate relationship between atherothrombosis and traditional and
novel risk factors is discussed in the following chapters of Traditional and Novel Risk
Factors in Atherothrombosis – from basic science to clinical and therapeutic concerns.
Beginning with pathology and pathophysiology of atherothrombosis, plaque
rupture/disruption, this book continues with molecular, biochemical, inflammatory,
cellular aspects and finally analyzes several aspects of clinical pharmacology.
This book is made up of seven chapters. In the first, Yamashita and Asada delineate
the pathophysiologic mechanisms of plaque disruption and thrombus formation as
critical steps for the onset of cardiovascular events, and that simultaneous activation of
coagulation cascade and platelets play an important role in thrombus formation after
plaque disruption. Next, Body, Slevin and McDowell discuss current methods for
assessment of the presence, degree of severity and ‘plaque composition’ in patients
with atherosclerosis, incuding current and novel imaging technology and
measurement of circulating biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Subsequently, Watanabe
and Koba clarify the roles of Serotonin in atherothrombosis and its related diseases,
and how serotonin plays a crucial role in the formation of thrombosis and
atherosclerotic lesions through 5-HT
2A receptors. Po-Hsun Huang analyzes the
therapeutic use of endothelial progenitor cell in cardiovascular diseases. Yacoub,
Hassan, Alaadine, Merhi, and Mourad discuss the role of CD40 Ligand and its
X Preface
receptors in atherothrombosis. They show that besides its pivotal role in humoral
immunity, CD40L is now regarded as a key player to all major phases of
atherothrombosis, a concept supported in part by the strong relationship between its
circulating soluble levels and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. The last two
chapters are dedicated to diagnostic and therapeutic issues. Shalia and Shah describe
the current use of diagnostic biomarkers in ACS, as well as novel cardiac biomarkers
of ACS. Sharma and Aronow talk about the optimal diagnosis and management of
lower extremity peripheral arterial disease, detailing both the classical and modern
therapeutic options.
I would like to pay tribute and express our appreciation to the distinguished and
internationally renowned collaborators of this book for their outstanding contribution.
Despite their many commitments and busy time schedules, all of them enthusiastically
stated their acquiescence to cooperate. This book could not have become a reality were
it not for their dedicated efforts.
Efraín Gaxiola, MD, FACC
Cardiology Chief
Jardínes Hospital de Especialidades
Guadalajara,
México
. TRADITIONAL AND
NOVEL RISK FACTORS IN
ATHEROTHROMBOSIS
Edited by Efraín Gaxiola
Traditional and Novel Risk Factors in Atherothrombosis. between atherothrombosis and traditional and
novel risk factors is discussed in the following chapters of Traditional and Novel Risk
Factors in Atherothrombosis
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