VAI TRO CUA DONG KINH NGHIA THUC VA NHUNG NHA NHO DUY TAN TRONG LiNH VlTC VAN HOC (GIA DOAN DAU THE KY XX) CAO THI HAO' 1. Budc sang the ky XX ddi vdi Viet Nam khdng dan gian chi la ghi mdt diiu mdc thdi gian vao quang dudng phat trien ciia lich sir ma cdn la re sang mot con dudng khac trong lich sLi' phat trien dan tdc. Neu tir the ky XIX ve trudc, Viet Nam va cac nude lang gieng Ddng A quy tu trong mdt viing van boa rieng ddc lap va khac biet vdi the gidi thi tir day da xuiit hien mot mdi lien thdng giUa van boa viing Ddng A vdi van boa the gidi boa viio cudc sdng chung va gia nhiip quy dao vim ddng ciia lich sir the gidi. Vice chuydn doi tir van hgc trung d;.ii sang van hgc hien dai d giai doan nay ddng nghia vdi vice thay doi ttr truyen thdng van boa nay sang mot loiii hinh van boa khac, tii' nen van boa viing cd ngudn gdc Han chuyen sang van boa Chau Au mang ngudn gdc Hi - La cd vi trf chi phdi Cii van boa the gidi cim hien dai." Ddi vdi lich sir van boa Viet Nam sir thay doi nay riit sau siic. Nd bieu hien khdng dan gian d chd cai nidi thay the cai cii, khdng phiii hai cai cdng hii, ma thuc chiit la qua trinh dai boa trdn, nhao nan cai cu va cai mdi thiim chi la thay doi cdt each cua cai da thanh truyen thdng dan tdc de thanh mdt Siin phiim khac. Dieu kien xiiy ra sir doi thay niiy lii nude ta miit ddc liip, trd thanh thude dia ciia thuc dan Phap. Va viec thay doi nay cung xuiit hien trudc hei la d phia thuc dan Phap. Hg mudn liim cho thude qudc doan Thac sT. Dai hoc Su pham Tiiai nguyen tuyet vdi van boa dan tdc, Ii khai vdi anh hudng CLia Trung Qudc vdn dinh hinh trong van boa dan tdc Viet Nam tir mudi the ky nay de t;.io liip mdt nin viin boa cd hdn cdt van boa phuong Tay. Miit khac ""niejt phen thay de'ii se/n hid" nhu viiy cung dii la xu the tiit yeu trong hoan ciinh the gidi hien dai Iiic dd. Ben canh con dudng Au boa theo thuc dan cdn cd con dudng Au boa ciia cac nhii Nho yeu nude. Trong phong trao Ddng kinh nghia thuc chinh ciic nha Nho yeu nude cung da van ddng cai each van boa, chii ddng giai quyei van dd tiep nhim van boa Chau Au de tu cudng gianh ddc Iiip va hien dai hoa diit nude. 2. Ndi den Ddng kinh nghia thuc ngudi ta thudng quan tam den vai trd duy tan ciia phong trao nay trong ITnh vuc van boa, kinh te, chinh tri ma ft chii y den ITnh vuc van hgc. Tuy nhien neu nhin tir gdc do khac - gdc do van boa, chiing ta se khdng the khdng khiing dinh vai trd ciia Ddng kinh nghla thuc ddi vdi van hgc Viet Nam giai doiin daU the ky XX. Theo chiing tdi, mdt trong nhirng ddng gdp quan trgng ciia phong trao Ddng kinh nghia thuc ma ttr trudc den nay chua dugc nhin nhiin mdt each thiiu dao dd la phong trao niiy da gdp phiin thay doi ldi tu duy nhiin thuc ciia ngudi Viet Nam. Ddng kinh nghia thuc ra ddi da kien nghi phe bd khoa cir, md trudng di^ii hgc, de xudng Ciii each phong boa, bd qudc phuc, mac Au 54 NGHIEN Cdu DONG BflC fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008 Nghien citu khoa hgc phuc. ciit biii td. biit tdc ngdn. bd quan niem hgc ky thuiil. phong iriio \an hoii dim the ky nhiit si. dc cao viec thuc nghiep nhu khai ddn niiy da tiio cho ddc gia liim quen dim \di Idi dien. md hdi budn. lam cdng nghe. Phong tu duy phan tfch. micu ui su \at mdt each cu triio ncii len ram id tii' Biic vao Nam. ngudi the', sat vdi thuc te. Vice tao ra ihdi quen Phiip sg nd bieii thanh each mang nen vdi thudng thirc mdi hi riit quan trong ddi vdi diip tiit. Diiu 1907. Ddng kinh nghia thuc bi qua trinh nhiin thiic sir viit hien lugng. cd uic nil giiiy phep. Tuy Ddng kinh nghia thuc mdi dung thay doi diin each ciini. each nghi. each chii y duy Uin d cac miit kinh te, chfnh tri. xa tu duy theo kieu phuong Ddng dc hudng tdi hoi. nhung cac nha nho chii truang phong mot ldi tu duy nhiui thiic thuc ic. phan tich triio niiy cung dc ciip deii viec diing chu qudc hien tugng ciia phuong Tay. Dieu nii)' hi riii ngii, viei bao. dich sach. Hoan toan cd ly khi ciin thiei trong viec tiio dung mot thdi quen chiing ta cho riing dd la hanh ddng mang linh suy nghi xuiit phat tir thuc tc. cd ca sd khoa van hoa. chua thuc sir chii trgng dcii van hgc hgc cho ngudi Viet Nam. nghe Ihuiil. Nhung dat viio bdi canh tam ly Mac dii tdn tiii irong khoiing thdi gian Xii hoi hic dd ma xet thi hoiU ddng nay da Uio khdng dai nhung nhting gi ma Ddng kinh ra mot xao trdn Idn trong ddi scing xii hdi nghiii thuc liio ra da dc lai nhirng du vang Viel Niim co truyen. Trong khi dai da sd khdng nhd trong mdt xa hdi vdn bi bao bgc ngudi dan Vict Nam cdn dang thd bit Han bdi sir an phiin va thdi quen tu duy theo kieu hoc liim gdi co truyen thi Ddng kinh nghTa hgc ihco va dinh siin. Diic biet phong trao da thuc dirge sang liip d Ha Ndi dc khai trf dan lac ddng niiinh iiic dcii cac nha Nho duy tan. chiuig. Trudng da chii trgng lni)'LMi bii chfr Hg la nhting ngudi sc liio ra sir ihfch irng ciia qudc ngCr. diiy cac kicii ihiic pho thdng vc van hgc trong giai doiui diiu ciia qua trinh Tiiy hgc. Viio thdi diem dd che do khoa cir giao thai nay. Villi ton tiii, mdt phiin Idn dan sd irong nude 3. Van hgc Vict Nam giai doiin cudi the vim cdn c a chi hd giii da nen nhiing dieu ky XIX diiu Ihe ky XX hi giai doan giao thai thong thudng vc kien thirc tu nhien nhu hinh d dd tdn Uii hai bd phiin van hgc: van hgc cii the trai diit, phep do dudng trdn. thuyet canh ciia nha Nho d dia ban ndng thdn van tdn Uii tranh ciia Darwin, thuyci dan udc ciia va van hgc mdi ctia irf thuc lu san d thanh Ihi Rousseau dugc ddn nhiin nhu mdt bf thuiit dii le tc nhung da xuiit hien. ttio ra sue miinh cho phuang Tay. 6 thimh thi. bd phiin van hgc mdi dii bin Theo chiing tdi vdi, vice dua nhu'ng kieii diiu manh nha tudng nhu bi ciit diil nhirng thirc cd tfnh chiit khoa hgc vao ddi sdiig xa mdi day lien he vdi truyen thdng van hgc dan hoi, Ddng kinh nghia thuc da liio ra mdt sir tdc. Nd phiin anh su uich bicl ciia mdt bd thiiy doi quan trgng trong ldi tu duy nhiin phim trf thiic tan hgc dirng ngoiii cudc diiu thuc ciia ngudi Vict vdn quen nhin su vice tranh giai phdng dan tdc nhung khdng chiip dira tren nhiing khudn miiu dinh san. Qua nhiui nhirng ap dat do thuc dan dcni hii. viec gidi thieu nhu'ng kien thirc phd thdng, Nhu'ng tac giii tien phong ciia van hoc nidi da nhirng thdng tin ve khoa hoc tu nhien. khoa viei ve cudc sdng thimh thi dang ur sim boa. NGHIEN ecru DONG B^C fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008 55 Nghien citu khoa hgc cudc sdng ma hg vira thay thfch hgp vi pbii hgp vdi tam ly thi hieu nhung lai vira mudn chdi bd vi nd di ra ngoai nhirng khudn phep diio dire da ban dii'u thanh nep trong tam trf hg. De boa nhap vao ddng chiiy ciia van hgc the gidi. nhirng trf thuc tan hgc da hgc tap theo he thdng the loiii van hgc can hien diii phuang Tay de xay dung cho dai nude mdt nen van hgc mdi. Hg da lap hii cdng viec ciia nhu'ng trf thirc Dili Viet trong dieu kien mdi. Dieu kien thuc te khac trudc. neu nhung trf thiic Dili Viet xay dung van hgc Viet Nam trong niem tir hao Idn: nude nha cd cuang vuc rieng, ngang hang vdi Trung Qudc va cac nude hoa ha khac thi nhirng trf thii'c tan hgc viei vtm dudi sir chi phdi ciia chfnh sach van boa nd dich ciia thuc dan Phap. Neu nhu van hgc trung did biei ket hgp cac gia tri mang tfnh Trung Qudc va cac gia tri dan gian de san sinh ra nhirng the loai rieng, diic thu Viet Nam ma dinh cao la Viet boa he thdng the loiii ngoai nhap, sang tiio he thdng the loiii thuan Viet va ngdn ngii van hgc bang tieng Viet thi van hgc mdi ciia trf thiic tan hgc ngay liic mdi ra ddi da tu each ly vdi van hgc dan gian, khdng dii can diim de ciip den nhu'ng van de cdt tir ciia ddi sdng nhan dan va su tdn vong ciia dan tdc. Van hgc mdi viio thdi diem nay chu yeu phiin anh cudc sdng thanh thi dang tu siin hoa. Trong khi dd d mdt bd phan khac, ddng diio ban va ram rd ban la van hgc cua nha Nho va quan chiing ndng dan vSn giir vi trf chii diio. Cudi XIX dau XX xuat hien nhieu tha ke su, ve hien thuc. Tac gia ciia nd la nha Nho, nhu'ng ngudi cd vdn van boa Han hgc. Ddi tugng thirdng thirc la ngudi ndng dan vdn cu tu d ndng thdn - mdt dia ban rdng Idn ciia nude ta liic dd. Dua ndi dung hien thuc vao trong mdt hinh thii:c the loai cu quen thude vdi tam ly ngudi tiep nhan de thoii man nhu ciiu ciia hg ddng thdi thuc diiy sir thay doi trong suy nghi ciia hg. Do do ngdn ngif sir dung la chii Ndm va chir qudc ngu". Sau hai cudc khai thac thude dia ciia thuc dan. phiin Idn ngudi ndng dan di chuyen dia ban tir ndng thdn ra thanh thi, hg lam rat nhieu nghe va tiip hgp thanh tang Idp dudi trong xa hdi: cd sen, cau bdi, phu xc.nhu ciiu thudng thii'c van hgc ciia hg da thay doi nhung viin cdn lien he vdi qua khiif. Hg chua the lam quen ngay vdi nhirng the loai mdi me ciia phuang Tay do dd thinh hanh loiii van hgc van ve dap ii'ng nhu ciiu dgc, ke, nghe ciia nhu'ng ngudi tiing Idp dudi. Cham ngdi cho cac hinh thirc van viin, ve ke sir la cac nha Nho duy tan va phong triio Ddng kinh nghia thuc. Hg la nhirng ngudi diiu tien viei ve, didn ca de co ddng, tuyen truyen cho nhan dan. Nha Nho va phong tiiio Ddng kinh nghia thuc da dgn dudng cho tam ly tiep nhan, cho kieu tiep nhan van hgc mdi ciia ddc gia Viet Nam d giai doiin giao thdi. Van hoa phiii cd truyen thdng va truyen thdng dd phu thude vao tam ly ngudi tiep nhan. Doi mdi phai phii hgp vdi thdi diii va theo ddi hdi thuc te, phu hgp vdi cdng chung ddc giii tiep nhan tren ca sd cai mdi nhung phiii gan bd vdi truyen thdng. Chfnh vi vay ndi den sir ra ddi cua van xudi qudc ngir Viet Nam ta khdng the khdng tfnh tdi vai trd cau ndi ciia ve ke sir, truyen van viin. Chiing ta thudng chi chu y den Nam Phong va ddng gdp ciia nd trong viec dua nhu'ng tu tudng mdi ve van hoc vao Viet 56 NGHIEN CCJU DONG B^C fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008 Nghien citu khoa hgc Niim. Thuc ra Nam Phe)ng d vao giai doiin sau. khi ma ddc gia vdi lugng kien thii'c hien diii dugc ciip nhat tuong ddi cua minh dang ddi hdi van hgc phai cd sir thay the ve hinh thirc the hien. Ve mat ly luan. Nam Plie)ng da diip iifng dugc yeu cau ciia thdi dai trong viec thdng nhiit ngdn ngir, tuyen truyen tu tudng mdi, gidi thieu tu tudng phuang Tay cho van hoc nude nha. Do viiy cd rat nhieu y kien diinh gia de cao Nam Phong, coi Nam Plie>ng nhu mdt dao su van nghe ma ai mudn thanh nha viin phiii chiim but trong binh muc dd. Thirc ra chiing ta mdi chi nhin thay giai doan sau - giai doiin dd nhin thay nhung anh' hudng cu the cua van hgc nhai ma chua chii y den giai doiin trudc dd - giai doan Ddng kinh nghia thuc - thdi ky dgn dudng cho tam ly tiep nhan van hgc hien diii. Giai doan diiu the ky XX, ciic nha Nho duy tan va phong triio Ddng kinh nghia thuc ciia minh la ngudi dgn dudng va chuiin bi cdng chiing cho van hgc hien dai. Bdi vi ben Ciinh vice ciiu nu'dc thi viec giir gin mdt nen van hoa cung la tdi can thiei trong didu kien luc dd khi van boa phuong Tay tran viio nude ta mot each d iit, xuat hien nguy co bi nd dich ve van hoa. Ttim ly tiep nhan van hgc mdi da dugc cac nha nho duy tan chuiin bi d hai ciip do. Truire het, cac nha Nho duy tan da phe phan van chuang cir tir, tuyen bd tir bd van chuang thanh hien, tir bd ldi viei khoa cir Hiin hgc va viei theo hinh thii'c mdi de dap ii^ng nhu ciiu ciia ddc giii. Ong tham hoa noi tieiig hay tha da tu tay ddt thi tap ciia chinh minh (Nguydn Thugng Hien). Ba dng tien ,sT, phd biing mdi dd Ien an thi cir. (Phan Chau Trinh viei Chi thdnh thdng thdnh phe phan hgc thuiu cu xoa bd nen giao due khoa cir Han hgc. Triin Quy Cap va Hu)nb Thiic Khang viet phii Cdu luemg ngge tid danh son ke nhung chuyen thuc te de kfch ddng, cd ddng tuyen truyen). Cdn Phan Bdi Chau dau giai nguyen dugc dac each treo rieng mdt bang ma tu thiiy xii'u hd. Van cir tir bi chfnh nhu'ng ngudi diii dien tieu bieu nhiit cho nd Ien an khai tir. Chinh nha Nho, ngudi cd vai trd dac biet quan trgng trong mdi trudng van boa truydn thdng - chi cd hg mdi la ngudi cd quydn va khach quan nhiit dd phe bd Idi hgc tir chuang va each viet cii. Bdi vl nha Nho khdng dan gian chi la trf thii'c ciia che do phong kien ma hg cdn cd tu each hi ""nguiri huimg dgo tinh tlidid ciia ndng thdn, grin bd va him thiiy cho ndng dan, la ngudi sang tac van hgc tieu bidu cho van hgc ti^ydn thdng ciia dan tdc. Tir gdc do niiy chiing ta cd the cho riing nhung nha Nho duy tan la nhu'ng ngudi diiu tien dua van hgc Viet Nam tii' van hgc vLing mang tfnh phuang Ddng gia nhiip viio quy dao van hgc the gidi. van hgc phuang Tay qua viec phe bd viin hgc cu. Hai Id, hg da him mdi cac the loai cu bang viec dua nhirng ndi dung mdi viio dd. Su xuiit hien kha phong phii cua ve, truyen tho, ky sir, du kl biing tha dudi hinh thii'c chir Ndm va qudc ngir viio cudi the ky XIX la mdt minh chii'ng. Nhirng sang tiic nay dugc viet bang van viin nhung liii mang oiiu iin ciia hinh thii'c truyen: cd tinh tiet, cd cdt truyen. Cu the nam 1882 Nguydn Viin Giai viel Hd Thdnh the'd tlui chi ce')ng qiid ca (Chfnh khf ca) gdm 140 cau luc biit kc sir vice thanh Ha Ndi bi hii, Nguydn Tri Phuang tuan tidi. Cd den giiip ta phiui cdng. hai ben ki hoa udc Giap Tuiit. Hoang Dieu ra Iriiii thanh Ha Ndi. NGHIEN C(jru DONG BflC fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008 57 Nghien citu khoa hgc dd niiii thiinh. Nam 1885 Nguydn Thi Bich ndi thich hefp ve'ri tdm hdn me)t sei .si phu di (mdt cung nu ciia vua Tu Diic) viet Le)gn du tim quen Idng trong nhdn Igc Didnig luitt hanh thue qiie'ie dm ca (Hanh thuc ca) dai hdt cu hay td tiiyi't due/c siing hd me)t thiri 1036 cau luc bat ke lai nhung bien cd xiiy ra thinh hdnh " '''(2) ma dang chii y hi sir xuiit d Hue khi dd. Theo Phiim The Ngu ""hdi ve hien phong phii ciia nhu'ng bai ca luc bat de ihiri su " nay khien nha so;.in sii' Tnin Trgng ke su. (O day chiing tdi khdng ke den nhung Kim phiii dua vao dd de liiy lu lieu viet sii' bai dugc dich tir chfr Han ra qudc ngu' bang nhu dng da thii'a nhiin: ""Nhinig Irityen ei' Iiic bat hoiic song thiit luc bat de tuyen Irong trii'ii luc e'iy phdn nhii'ii Id liiy d quyen truydn each iTUing cua Phan Boi Chau. Hgnli ihite ca eua Le tdn Ngiiyin NhiU/e tin. Nguydn Thugng Hien. Phan Chau Trinh Bd Id mdt cung phi cua vua Tu Difc sou hd him cho ddi sdng van viin cue ky sdi ddng d Idin thu ki che> hdTii Du nen vii'c tre)ng trii'it giai doan niiy). Trong thuc te van hgc thdi bd biet due/c reT''^\ Huefng sefn nheit trinh ciia doiin nay ta bat giip riit nhidu tac phiim viei Chu Manh Trinh dai 138 cau luc bat ke cudc biing the luc bat (dai tren 100 cau). Phiii hiinh tiinh tir Ha Ndi qua Ha Ddng phu IJhg chang truyen tha tai tii giai nhan d giai doiin Hoa. tdi chiia ngoai. chiia trong rdi ngugc trudc dang trd !iii chi phdi van dan ? Ndi dudng ra vd nhu mdt bai du kf. Ldi van dung cac tac phiim cho chiing ta mdt cau tra giiin di ndm na nhu kc truyen binh dan. ldi thiit rd rimg: the tha luc biit dugc diing de Trong sudt mdt ngan nam lich sir chua ghi hii. ke lai nhOng sir kien thuc le. chi tiet bao gid hgc giii Vict Nam diing van qudc am lich su' nhu'ng bidii cd ciia thdi cudc liic dd dc ghi nhu'ng bien cd xiiy ra d duang thdi chir khdng phiii ke chuyen ciia lich sii'. qua mdt each true licp. Liin diiu tien the van hdi khii' hay chuyen tinh lai tir giai nhan. Cac lac ki lich sir xuiit hien d Viet Nam dudi hinh phiim nay nhidu khi mang tfnh chiit vc. ihiic tha ndm ghi lai nhung bidn cd lich sir. nghicMig vd phfa binh dan ban la bac hgc. micu ta cu the khdng che diiu su thuc. Nhiing Chiit lieu ddi sdiig hang ngiiy biit diiu di viio chi liet lich sir dugc tiinh bay mdt each ti mi. tha. Trudc day chua bao gid con ngudi va sir chan xac. cu the tir nam thang den ngay gid vice xung quanh vdi chiit thdi sir ltd cd miit ciia tirng bidn cd. Chiing ta cd the If giai hien trong tha nhidu nhu the. Chua bao gid khdng tugng niiy nhu thd nao ? gian tha hii hi nhii'ng khdng gian giin gui ddi Cudi the ky XIX diiu the ky XX. vim hgc thudng nhu viiy va cung chua he thiiy mdt Viet Nam da cd cudc bien thien riit quan ngdn ngu" ddi sdng iia vao tha phong phii va trgng cd le mdt diiu hieu quan trgng ft dugc da dang ddii the. Vc Iiic bat da dap iing dugc liiih den la tfnh chiit thdi sir ua vao trong tha. nhu ciiu ve thdng tin ciia ddc giii. Day chfnh Trong ddi sdng van hgc nude nha d buoi giao la mdt trong nhung con dudng dan ddn sir thai nay khdng chi xuiit hien "nhinig hdi hdt xuiit hien ciia van xudi. Mudn duoc cdnsi '" Pham The Ngu (1974). Met Nam vdn hoc sie gid n irdc '"' Pham Tlie Ngu (1974). Met Nam vdn hoc sie gid n ledc kill hien. tap 3. Qudc hgc tiing thu. Sai Gon tr38. tdn hien. tap 3. Quoc hoc lung Ihu. Sai Gon. Tr. 26. 58 NGHIEN CCfU DONG B^C fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008 Nghien citu khoa hgc chiing hirdng irng. thudng thirc thi viin chuang phai dap irng dugc thi hieu ciia cdng chiing: tfnh ham chuyen hi. thfch tin tuc thdi sir. nhu'ng su kien giat gan. mdi me. Nhim xcl vd uic phiim Chinh khi ca ciia Nguydn Van Giai. Thanh Lang cung khiing dinh: ""Nguyen Vdn Giai dem nie'n cdi gi me'ri me' vdo vdn he)c Viet Nam: me'ri me a did diing lift thef que'ic dm de ghi nliUng bieii ed lich sit. me'ri me' hem d did tdc gid thdnh tliUe klie')ng lip md, me'ri me e'r chd cde nhdn vat ggi bdng ten thin, dire/e phe hinh me)t cdch thdng thdn, gay gin, mia mai, niifi me nhdt, cdeh mang nhin e'r die') tdi lii'u ddi dde> vd ti mi^^'''. Sir thay ddi ciia van chuang tir truyen tho tai tii' giai nhan den ve luc bat khdng chi d vice thay ddi dd tai, ndi dung ngdn ngu' ma chii yeu d sir thay ddi quan he tac gia vdi cdng chiing. Didu niiy dan den viec thay ddi ca tfnh chiit van hgc. Cac tac phiim van viin nay da phiin anh nhu'ng viin dc thuc tc ciia xa hdi hic dd nhiim tac ddng tdi nhiin thirc ciia ddc giii - nhung ngudi ndng dan dang bat diiu thay ddi tam ly, thi hieu ciia minh. Tha yeu nirdc ciia nha nho tac ddng den tha trao phung, ve ciia ndng dan va chinh thir van hgc chua dugc bien diii boa dd vd sau tac ddng den van hgc thanh thi ciia tiing Idp tieu tu sim Vii vd Siin. Tiing lap tidu tu siin va vd san la Idp ngudi thanh thi nhung hii giin ndng dan, nhii nho ban la giin tu san. Ndn van hgc ciia mot nude thuc sir chuydn sang hien diii viet Ihco kieu phuong Tay khi ddi tugng thirdng thii'c ddng dao ciia nd phiii chiip nhiin didu do. 0 giai doan giiio thdi, nha nho da lam thiiy giai ciip tu siin va tiing Idp tieu tu san trong viec xiiy dung mdt ndn van hgc ciin hien diii. Day la mdt trong nhiin ti dac diem diic thii ciia van hgc Viet Nam khi budc vao thdi ky hien dai boa. 4. Nhu viiy cham ngdi la phong trao Ddng kinh nghia thuc, lidp dd la nhu'ng nha Nho duy tan da tiio nhung tidn dd ditu tien cho van hgc hien diii du nhiip vao Viet Nam qua vice tao dung mdt Idi nhiin thirc mdi. phe bd van chuong cir lii va each tan cac the loiii truyen thdiig. Vai trd ciia cac nha Nho nay quii that khdng phiii la nhd. Nhung lieu vdi tu duy va the gidi quan nha Nho. vai trd ciia hg cd tiep tuc dugc khiing dinh ddi vdi thdi cudc khdng khi lich sii' dang doi hdi phat trien theo hudng hien diii? Viin de niiy ciin mdt nghien ciiu sau ban nua ma chiing tdi dang theo dudi. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Phiim The Ngu (1974), Viet Nam van hoe sir gidii iiife tdii hien, lap 3, Quoc hoc tiing thu, Siii Gon tr38, tr.6. 2. Thanh Liing (1967), Bang luge do van hgc Viet Nam. Nxb Trinh bay, Sai Gon, lr.62. 3. Triin Dinh Hugu (1999), Nlie> gido vd van hoe Viet Nam Iriiiig edn dgi, Nxb Giao due, Hii Noi. 4. Tran Dinh Hugu - Le Chi Dung (1996), (tai ban), Vdn tige Viet Neim 1900 - 1930, Nxb Giiio due. Ha Noi. 5. Nguyen van Hoiin (2000), Chie qtide iigi7 vd stephdl trieii ei'ia van hod Viet Nam. Tiip chi Vein hoc, sd 9, Hii Noi. 6. Chuang Thiiu (1982). Doug Kinh iigliia thue vd phong trdo edi edeli van hod dau the ky XX, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi. Ha Ndi. '''Tlianh Lang (1967). Bdng heac do vdn hoc \'iei Nam. Nxb'I'rinh bay. .Sai Gon. 11(32. NGHIEN ecru DONG B^C fl. SO 7(89) 7-2008 59 . nude. 2. Ndi den Ddng kinh nghia thuc ngudi ta thudng quan tam den vai trd duy tan ciia phong trao nay trong ITnh vuc van boa, kinh te, chinh tri ma. VAI TRO CUA DONG KINH NGHIA THUC VA NHUNG NHA NHO DUY TAN TRONG LiNH VlTC VAN HOC (GIA DOAN DAU THE KY