B U L L E T I N 119 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND TECHNICAL SURVEYS THE JURASSIC F A U N A S OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC CADOCERATINAE Hans Frebold Price $2.50 1964 G E O L O G I C A L OF SURVEY CANADA BULLE TIN 119 THE JURASSIC FAUNAS OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC CADOCERATINAE By H a n s Frebold D E P A R T M E N T M I N E S A N D OF T E C H N I C A L S U R V E Y S C A N A D A © C r o w n Copyrights reserved A v a i l a b l e by mail f r o m the Queen's Printer, Ottawa, from G e o l o g i c a l Survey of C a n a d a , 601 B o o t h St., Ottawa, and at the f o l l o w i n g C a n a d i a n G o v e r n m e n t b o o k s h o p s : OTTAWA Daly Building, corner Mackenzie and Rideau TORONTO Mackenzie Building, 36 Adelaide St East MONTREAL JEterna-Vie Building, 1182 St Catherine St West or through your bookseller A deposit c o p y of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across C a n a d a Price $ Price subject Catalogue N o 42-119 to change without notice ROGER D U H A M E L , F.R.S.C Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery Ottawa, C a n a d a 1964 PREFACE This report is based on fossil collections made over a vast area of the Canadian Arctic extending from Axel Heiberg Island in the north to the Aklavik region of the mainland and is a further contribution by the author on the Jurassic faunas of the Canadian Arctic Detailed study of these ammonite faunas permits correlation of the associated Jurassic rocks and shows their faunal and stratigraphic relation­ ships with Alaska, East Greenland, and the Arctic areas of Europe and Asia J M HARRISON, Director, Geological Survey of Canada OTTAWA, December 2, 1963 BULLETIN 119 — Die Jurafaunen der kanadischen Acktis C A D O C E R A T I N A E Von Hans Frebold BiojiJieTeHt, 119 — r pe6ojib,,zT lOpcKne dpay-HBi apicTMHecKoro no^iceMeMCTBa Cadoceratinae Kanafflbi CONTENTS PAGE Introduction Fossil localities British and Richardson Mountains Arctic Islands Systematic descriptions Subfamily Cadoceratinae Hyatt Genus Arctocephalites Genus (adoreras Spath Fischer Other ammonites 18 Genus Phylloceras Suess 18 Genus Arkelloceras Frebold 18 Stratigraphy, Arctic age, and correlation of Cadoceratinae in the Canadian 21 Arctocephalites Cadoceras bed 21 beds 22 Stratigraphic conclusions 24 Appendix Fossil localities in Savik Formation, 15 miles northeast of Cape l.evvel, western Axel Heiberg Island by E T Tozer 25 References 26 Table I Table II Distribution of Cadoceras species in the Canadian Arctic 19 Occurrence and stratigraphy of Cadoceratinae in the Canadian Arctic 20 Illustrations Plates I-XX Illustrations of fossils Following p 29 Figure Geological sketch map, 15 miles northeast of Cape Levvel, western Axel Heiberg Island by E T Tozer T H E JURASSIC F A U N A S OF T H E C A N A D I A N ARCTIC Cadoceratinae A bstract This report describes representatives of the genera Arctocephalites Spath and Cadoceras Fischer, and includes o n e n e w Arctocephalites and five n e w species and varieties of Cadoceras T h e Arctocephalites species b e l o n g to the z o n e of A nudus, the Cadoceras species to t w o stratigraphically different horizons, the l o w e r and the Cadoceras upper beds T h e s e t w o beds are best e x p o s e d o n A x e l Heiberg Island (the section c o n c e r n e d is described in the Appendix by E T T o z e r ) , and contain n e w species that h a v e s o m e affinities to Russian and English Cadoceratids but are easily distinguishable T h e faunal differences m a y be partly due to slight differences in age T h e t w o Arctic Cadoceras beds are probably of late early C a l l o v i a n age T h e c o l l e c t i o n f r o m A x e l H e i b e r g Islands s h o w s that the genus Arkelloceras F r e b o l d , w h o s e exact stratigraphic position is still u n k n o w n , is older than the beds containing Arctocephalites Resume L'auteur decrit des specimens types des genres Arctocephalites Cadoceras n o u v e l l e s especes et varietes de L'espece Arctocephalites Cadoceras Spath et Fischer d e m e m e qu'une n o u v e l l e espece d'Arctocephalites appartient a la z o n e de A nudus et les especes a deux horizons stratigraphiques differents, soit le lit inferieur et le lit Cadoceras et cinq Cadoceras Cadoceras superieur Ces deux lits sont le mieux exposes sur 1'ile A x e l H e i b e r g ( l a c o u p e e n q u e s t i o n est decrite e n appendice par E T Tozer) et ils renferment de n o u v e l l e s especes qui ressemblent aux datides russes et anglais, mais qui p e u v e n t en etre distinguees L'auteur croit que ces differences legere difference d'age Les deux Caroce- facilement fauniques peuvent etre le resultat lits Cadoceras probablement a la fin du C a l l o v i e n inferieur A x e l Heiberg indique que le genre Arkelloceras de l'Arctique d'une remontent L a collection recueillie a l'ile F r e b o l d , dont o n ignore encore la position stratigraphique exacte, est plus ancien que les lits qui renferment les Arctocephalites INTRODUCTION After publication of the more common Jurassic guide-fossils of the Canadian Arctic (Frebold, 1957; 1960; 1961) additional ammonites were studied, particu­ larly those collected in recent years These include Cadoceratids that have distinct palaeontological and stratigraphical interests The specimens described belong to the genera Arctocephalites and Cadoceras, the latter group being characterized by a number of easily distinguishable forms that are described in this report as different species Some of these are similar to one another but as they occur in different stratigraphic horizons, they cannot be regarded as varieties Further material must be collected and studied before all problems of their systematic and stratigraphic positions can be solved Unfortunately, experience has shown that in the Canadian Arctic ammonites are very often restricted to thin beds in com­ paratively thick sections and may be easily overlooked Palaeogeographic conditions are not discussed here, but reference is made to the author's previous publications (Frebold, op cit.) and, as far as the Arctic Islands are concerned, to Tozer's studies (Tozer, ) FOSSIL LOCALITIES The Canadian Arctic Cadoceratinae described were collected by various geolo­ gists in two main areas, i.e., the Arctic Islands and the Richardson-British Moun­ tains With the exception of a section on Axel Heiberg Island which is described by E T Tozer in the A ppendix, all the ammonites were collected in outcrops where n o sections were measured British and Richardson Mountains Firth River ( Y u k o n - A l a s k a boundary a r e a ) L o w e r part of the river See J J O'Neill and S S B u c k m a n ( O ' N e i l l , , pp A - A ) Babbage River (British M o u n t a i n s ) G S C loc 4 : lat ° ' , long 138°41' C o l l e c t e d by Triad Oil C o m p a n y G S C l o c 6 : w e s t of P o r c u p i n e and east of Waters River at the northeast end of D a v e Lord R i d g e (lat ° ' , long ° ' ) - C o l l e c t e d by A Lenz, California Standard C o m p a n y , in 1958 G S C loc 1 : west of M a c k e n z i e River, exact position u n k n o w n Aklavik R a n g e (northeastern Richardson M o u n t a i n s ) G S C loc 0 : to miles south of Bug Creek C o l l e c t e d by J A Jeletzky, 5 Arctic Islands C o r n w a l l Island G S C l o c : mid-eastern part C o l l e c t e d by H R Greiner, 1955 Ellef Ringnes Island G S C loc 4 : e x t r e m e head of southwest-flowing stream that enters the northeast side of D e e r Bay C o l l e c t e d by J L U s h e r , 1960 A x e l H e i b e r g Island See detailed description by E T Tozer, p South side of Strand F i o r d , 15 miles northeast of C a p e L e v v e l ; G S C loc : Arctocephalites bed; G S C loc : l o w e r Cadoceras bed collected by T o z e r in 1962; G S C loc : upper Cadoceras bed C o l l e c t e d b y A A Ormiston and A H M c N a i r LEGEND CRETACEOUS K /K G Gabbro G KL dykes and sills UPPER J U R A S S I C A N D L O W E R JD KB in BAY FORMATION: shale JURASSIC y o o DEER CRETACEOUS AWINGAK i FORMATION: SAVIK FORMATION: minor siltstone and sandstone, shale, ironstone sandstone HEIBERG FORMATION: minor siltstone and shale BLAA shale, MOUNTAIN siltstone y nodules, sandstone, FORMATION: (INTRUSIVE CONTACT) " shale PENNSYLVANI AN CG P Gypsum, limestone Alluvium Bedding (inclined, vertical) Fault (tick indicates downthrow side) /VW /V VU /VW FOSSIL LOCALITIES Lower Bajocian GSC L C 51627 O GSC L C 51628 O Arctocephalites GSC L C 51629 O Lower Cadoceras bed Callovian GSC L C 43619 O Upper Cadoceras bed Callovian Middle Bathonian (Collected by A H McNair and A A Ormiston, 19601 GSC L C 51630 O Lower Bajocian 6- GSC L C 51631 O Arkelloceras bed Bajocian-Lower Bathonian Arcfocepha/ites observed above Arkelloceras Base map from air photographs FIGURE I Geological sketch map, gypsum diapir, 15 miles northeast of Cape Levvel, western Axel Heiberg Island (Geology by E T Tozer, 1962) SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS The genus Arctocephalites has been assigned by different authors to different families Spath ( , p 174; 1932, pp 9, ) placed it as well as the closely related Cranocephalites Spath ( , pp 9, 14) into the family Macrocephalitidae; Arkell ( , p L 301) considered both genera as belonging to the subfamily Cadoceratinae Hyatt, 1900, family Cardioceratidae Siemiradzki, 1891 Spath's opinion was accepted by Voronets ( , pp - ) , while the author ( , pp 10-14) followed Arkell in placing Arctocephalites, Cranocephalites, and Arcticoceras Spath into the subfamily Cadoceratinae Hyatt Cranocephalites is now con­ sidered by some authors as a subgenus of Arctocephalites (Arkell, 1957, p L ; Frebold, 1961, p 12; Imlay, 1962, p C - ) , while others (for example, Voronets, 1962, p ) retain the generic status of Cranocephalites The author has recently ( ) excluded the west Canadian and western Interior species previously referred to Arctocephalites (Imlay, 1948, 1962) from this genus and has referred them to Buckman's genus Paracephalites (Buckman, 1929, p 8) while the 'Arcticoceras' species found in the same areas are placed into the new genus W arrenoceras Frebold N o discussion is offered here whether the opinion of Spath or that of Arkell should be preferred Justifications for the one or the other could be given, how­ ever, without guarantee that these would conform with the actual relationships of the genus The author has placed the genus into the Cadoceratinae merely to avoid conflict with Arkell's treatise (Arkell, ) Most of the forms of Cadoceras described are assigned to new species, some of which are similar to one another or to known Cadoceras species As there is a certain possibility, if not probability, that these forms came from hitherto unknown beds or zones, a description as new species seems justified and necessary In this approach the author is in accord with Imlay ( ) , Bodylevsky ( ) , and Voronets ( ) , all of whom described new species of Cadoceras from Alaska and northern Siberia Subfamily CADOCERATINAE Hyatt, 1900 Genus Arctocephalites A rctocephalites Plate I, figures a to 3b; Arctocephalites elegans Spath, 1928 elegans Spath Plate II, figures a to 2b Spath, 1932, pp 37, ; PI 10, figs 4a, b Arctocephalites elegans Spath, F r e b o l d , , pp 10, 11; PI , fig 1; PI 10, figs, l a , b; PI 11, figs, l a , b, , 3, Material About eleven specimens collected by E T Tozer in Savik Formation, Axel Heiberg Island, 255 to 260 feet below bed with Cadoceras bodylevskyi n sp and 85 to 90 feet above bed with Arkelloceras ( G S C loc ) Description Descriptions of the species were given by Spath (loc cit.) and Frebold (loc cit.), however, none of the previously described specimens reached the large adult size now represented in the Axel Heiberg Island material Spath's holotype has a diameter of 85 m m whereas the largest Axel Heiberg Island speci3 PLATE XIV ( A l l figures natural size) T y p e in collections of the G e o l o g i c a l Survey of C a n a d a Figures l a , b Cadoceras (Stenocadoceras) cf C canadense n sp ( P a g e ) l a , lateral view; l b , cross-section G S C N o 6 Callovian Babbage River G S C loc 4 See venter o n PI X I I I , fig PLATE X V (Figure s o m e w h a t smaller than original [actual diameter = 187 m m ] ) T y p e in collections of the G e o l o g i c a l Survey of C a n a d a Figure Cadoceras voronetsae n sp ( P a g e ) Lateral view H o l o t y p e , G S C N o 6 Callovian W e s t of Porcupine River and east of Waters River G S C loc 6 See cross-section o n PI X V I , fig PLATE XVI ( F i g u r e in about natural s i z e ) T y p e in collections of the G e o l o g i c a l Survey of C a n a d a Cadoceras voronetsae n sp ( P a g e ) Cross-section H o l o t y p e , G S C N o 17669 C a l l o v i a n W e s t of P o r c u p i n e River and east of Waters River G S C loc 6 See lateral view o n PI X V , fig PLATE XVII ( A l l figures natural size) T y p e s in collections of the G e o l o g i c a l Survey of C a n a d a Figures l a , b, c Cadoceras bodylevskyi n sp ( P a g e ) l a , lateral view; l b , venter; l c , cross-section H o l o t y p e , G S C N o 17666 Savik F o r m a t i o n , lower Cadoceras bed C a l l o v i a n A x e l H e i b e r g Island, Strand Fiord G S C loc Figure Cadoceras arcticum n sp ( P a g e ) Venter Paratype, G S C N o Callovian Babbage River G S C loc 4 PLATE XVIII ( A l l figures natural s i z e ) T y p e in collections of the G e o l o g i c a l Survey of C a n a d a Figures l a , b, c Cadoceras cf C jalsum V o r o n e t s ( P a g e 1 ) l a , lateral v i e w ; l b , lateral v i e w after r e m o v a l of parts of last and penultimate whorls; l c , venter G S C N o 6 Savik F o r m a t i o n , l o w e r Cadoceras beds C a l l o v i a n A x e l Heiberg Island, Strand Fiord G S C loc PLATE XIX ( A l l figures natural size) T y p e s in c o l l e c t i o n s of the G e o l o g i c a l Survey of C a n a d a Figure Cadoceras bodylevskyi n sp ( P a g e ) Lateral view Paratype, G S C N o 6 Savik F o r m a t i o n , l o w e r Cadoceras bed Callovian A x e l H e i b e r g Island, Strand Fiord G S C loc Figure Cadoceras bodylevskyi n sp ( P a g e ) Lateral view, s h o w i n g inner w h o r l s Paratype, G S C N o 17667 S a m e locality as fig PLATE XX ( A l l figures natural size) T y p e s in collections of the G e o l o g i c a l Survey of C a n a d a Figure Phylloceras bakeri I m l a y ( P a g e ) Lateral view C a l l o v i a n B a b b a g e River G S C loc 4 G S C N o 17660 Figure Cadoceras arcticum n sp ( P a g e ) Venter and cross-section Paratype, G S C N o C a l l o v i a n Babbage River G S C loc 4 See lateral v i e w o n PI XIII, fig ... region of the mainland and is a further contribution by the author on the Jurassic faunas of the Canadian Arctic Detailed study of these ammonite faunas permits correlation of the associated Jurassic. .. than wide Rather fine straight ribs are present on the inner part of the posterior half of the whorl, the outer half of the whorl and venter are smooth In the anterior half of the whorl the ribs... Conclusions about the Canadian Arctic Cadoceras Sipccies At present, the age of the Cadoceras faunas of the two Cadoceras beds of Axel Heiberg Island relative to Cadoceras faunas of other areas, such