MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 13 Studies in Health Technology and Informatics This book series was started in 1990 to promote research conducted under the auspices of the EC programmes Advanced Informatics in Medicine (AIM) and Biomedical and Health Research (BHR), bioengineering branch. A driving aspect of international health informatics is that telecommunication technology, rehabilitative technology, intelligent home technology and many other components are moving together and form one inte- grated world of information and communication media. The complete series has been accepted in Medline. In the future, the SHTI series will be available online. Series Editors: Dr. J.P. Christensen, Prof. G. de Moor, Prof. A. Hasman, Prof. L. Hunter, Dr. I. Iakovidis, Dr. Z. Kolitsi, Dr. Olivier Le Dour, Dr. Andreas Lymberis, Dr. Peter Niederer, Prof. A. Pedotti, Prof. O. Rienhoff, Prof. F.H. Roger France, Dr. N. Rossing, Prof. N. Saranummi, Dr. E.R. Siegel and Dr. Petra Wilson Volume 111 Recently published in this series Vol. 110. F.H. Roger France, E. De Clercq, G. De Moor and J. van der Lei (Eds.), Health Continuum and Data Exchange in Belgium and in the Netherlands – Proceed- ings of Medical Informatics Congress (MIC 2004) & 5th Belgian e-Health Conference Vol. 109. E.J.S. Hovenga and J. Mantas (Eds.), Global Health Informatics Education Vol. 108. A. Lymberis and D. de Rossi (Eds.), Wearable eHealth Systems for Person- alised Health Management – State of the Art and Future Challenges Vol. 107. M. Fieschi, E. Coiera and Y C.J. Li (Eds.), MEDINFO 2004 – Proceedings of the 11th World Congress on Medical Informatics Vol. 106. G. Demiris (Ed.), e-Health: Current Status and Future Trends Vol. 105. M. Duplaga, K. Zieli ´ nski and D. Ingram (Eds.), Transformation of Healthcare with Information Technologies Vol. 104. R. Latifi (Ed.), Establishing Telemedicine in Developing Countries: From In- ception to Implementation Vol. 103. L. Bos, S. Laxminarayan and A. Marsh (Eds.), Medical and Care Compune- tics 1 Vol. 102. D.M. Pisanelli (Ed.), Ontologies in Medicine Vol. 101. K. Kaiser, S. Miksch and S.W. Tu (Eds.), Computer-based Support for Clinical Guidelines and Protocols – Proceedings of the Symposium on Computerized Guidelines and Protocols (CGP 2004) Vol. 100. I. Iakovidis, P. Wilson and J.C. Healy (Eds.), E-Health – Current Situation and Examples of Implemented and Beneficial E-Health Applications ISSN 0926-9630 Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 13 The Magical Next Becomes the Medical Now Edited by James D. Westwood Randy S. Haluck MD FACS Helene M. Hoffman PhD Greg T. Mogel MD Roger Phillips PhD CEng MBCS Richard A. Robb PhD Kirby G. Vosburgh PhD Amsterdam • Berlin • Oxford • Tokyo • Washington, DC © The authors mentioned in the table of contents All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher. ISBN 1 58603 498 7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2004117290 Publisher IOS Press Nieuwe Hemweg 6B 1013 BG Amsterdam The Netherlands fax: +31 20 620 3419 e-mail: order@iospress.nl Distributor in the UK and Ireland Distributor in the USA and Canada IOS Press/Lavis Marketing IOS Press, Inc. 73 Lime Walk 4502 Rachael Manor Drive Headington Fairfax, VA 22032 Oxford OX3 7AD USA England fax: +1 703 323 3668 fax: +44 1865 750079 e-mail: iosbooks@iospress.com LEGAL NOTICE The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following infor- mation. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 13 J ames D. Westwood et al. (Eds.) IOS Press, 2005 v Preface The Magical Next Becomes the Medical Now James D. WESTWOOD and Karen S. MORGAN Aligned Management Associates, Inc. Magical describes conditions that are outside our understanding of cause and effect. What cannotbe attributed to humanor natural forces is explained as magic: super-human, super-natural will. Even in modern societies, magic-based explanations are powerful be- cause, given the complexity of the universe, there are so many opportunities to use them. The history of medicine is defined by progress in understanding the human body – from magical explanations to measurable results. Metaphysics was abandoned when evidence-based models provided better r esults in the alleviation of physical suffering. The pioneers of medicine demonstrated that when we relinquish magic, we gain more reliable control over ourselves. In the 16th century, religious prohibitions against dissection were overturned, al- lowing surgeons to explore the interior of the human body first-hand and learn by di- rect observation and experimentation. No one can deny that, in the years since, surgical outcomes have improved tremendously. However, change is marked by conflict: medical politicking, prohibitions, and pun- ishments continue unabated. Certain new technologies are highly controversial, includ- ing somatic cell nuclear transfer (therapeutic cloning) and embryonic stem cell research. Lawmakers are deliberating how to control them. The conflict between science and re- ligion still affects the practice of medicine and how reliably we will alleviate human suffering. To continue medical progress, physicians and scientists must openly question tra- ditional models. Valid inquiry demands a willingness to consider all possible solutions without prejudice. Medical politics should not perpetuate unproven assumptions nor cur- tail reasoned experimentation, unbiased measurement, and well-informed analysis. ***** For thirteen years, MMVR has been an incubator for technologies that create new med- ical understanding via the simulation, visualization, and extension of reality. Researchers create imaginary patients because they offer a more reliable and controllable experience to the novice surgeon. With imaging tools, reality is purposefully distorted to reveal to the clinician what the eye alone cannot see. Robotics and intelligence networks allow the healer’s sight, hearing, touch, and judgment to be extended across distance, as if by magic. vi Preface At MMVR, research progress is sometimes incremental. This can be frustrating: one would like progress to be easy, steady, an d predictable. Wouldn’t it be miraculous if revolutions happened right on schedule? But this is the real magic: the “Eureka!” moments when scientific truth is suddenly revealed after lengthy observation, experimentation, and measurement. These moments are not miraculous, however. They are human ingenuity in progress and they are docu- mented here in this book. MMVR researchers can be proud of the progress of thirteen years – transforming the medical next in to the medical now. They should take satisfaction in accomplishments made as individuals and as a community. It is an honor for us, the conference organizers, to perpetuate MMVR as a forum where researchers share their eureka moments with their colleagues and the world. Thank you for your magic. vii MMVR13 Proceedings Editors James D. Westwood MMVR Program Coordinator Aligned Management Associates, Inc. Randy S. Haluck MD FACS Director of Minimally Invasive Surgery Director of Surgical Simulation Associate Professor of Surgery Penn State, Hershey Medical Center Helene M. Hoffman PhD Assistant Dean, Educational Computing Adjunct Professor of Medicine Division of Medical Education School of Medicine University of California, San Diego Greg T. Mogel MD Assistant Professor o f Radiology and Biomedical Engineering University of Southern California; Director, TATRC-W U.S. Army Medical Research & Materiel Command Roger Phillips PhD CEng MBCS Research Professor, Simulation & Visualization Group Director, Hull Immersive Visualization Environment (HIVE) Department of Computer Science University of Hull (UK) Richard A. Robb PhD Scheller Professor in Medical Research Professor of Biophysics & Computer Science Director, Mayo Biomedical Imaging Resource Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Kirby G. Vosburgh PhD Associate Director, Center for In tegration of Medicin e and Innovative Technology (CIMIT) Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School viii Conference Organization MMVR13 Organizing Commit tee Michael J. Ackerman PhD High Performance Computing & Communications, National Library of Medicine Ian Alger MD New York Presbyterian Hospital; Weill Medical College of Cornell University David C. Balch MA DCB Consulting LLC Steve Charles MD MicroDexterity Systems; University of Tennessee Patrick C. Cregan FRACS Nepean Hosp ital, Wentworth Area Health Service Henry Fuchs PhD Dept of Computer Science, University of North Carolina Walter J. Greenleaf PhD Greenleaf Medical Systems Randy S. Haluck MD FACS Dept of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine David M. Hananel Surgical Programs, Medical Education Technologies Inc. Wm. LeRoy Heinrichs MD PhD Medical Media & Information Technologies/ Gynecology & Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine Helene M. Hoffman PhD School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego Heinz U. Lemke PhD Institute for Technical Informatics, Technical University Berlin Alan Liu PhD National Capital Area Medical Simulation Center, Uniformed Services University Conference Organization ix Greg T. Mogel MD University of Southern California; TATRC/USAMRMC Kevin N. Montgomery PhD National Biocomputation Center, Stanford University Makoto Nonaka MD PhD Foundation for International Scientific Advancement Roger Phillips PhD CEng MBCS Dept of Computer Science, University of Hull (UK) Richard A. Robb PhD Mayo Biomedical Imaging Resource, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Jannick P. Rolland PhD ODA Lab, School of Optics / CREOL, University of Central Florida Ajit K. Sachdeva MD FRCSC FACS Division of Education, American College of Surgeons Richard M. Satava MD FACS Dept of Surgery, University of Washington; DARPA; TATRC/USAMRMC Rainer M.M. Seibel MD Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, University of Witten/Herdecke Steven Senger PhD Dept of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse Ramin Shahidi PhD Image Guidance Laboratories, Stanford University School of Medicine Faina Shtern MD Beth Israel Deaconess; Children’s Medical Center; Harvard Medical School Don Stredney Interface Laboratory, OSC x Conference Organization Julie A. Swain MD Cardiovascular and Respiratory Devices, U.S. Food and Drug Administration Kirby G. Vosburgh PhD CIMIT; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School Dave Warner MD PhD MindTel LLC; Institute for In terventio nal Informatics Suzanne J. Weghorst MA MS Human Interface Technology Lab, University of Washington Mark D. Wiederhold MD PhD FACP The Virtual Reality Medical Center [...]... Virtual Environments, 12(6):599-614, 2003 [6] Moody L., Baber C., et al “Objective metrics for the evaluation of simple surgical skills in real and virtual domains.” Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 12(2):207-221, 2003 [7] Acosta E., Temkin B “Dynamic Generation of Surgery Specific Simulators – A Feasibility Study.” To appear in Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 13, 2005 12 Medicine Meets. .. Fourth Visible Human Project Conference, 2002 [7] Acosta E., Temkin B., et al “G2H – Graphics-to-Haptic Virtual Environment Development Tool for PC’s.” Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 8, pp 1-3, 2000 [8] Acosta E., Temkin B., et al “Heuristic Haptic Texture for Surgical Simulations.” Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 02/10: Digital Upgrades: Applying Moore’s Law to Health, pp 14-16, 2002 [9] Fabrizio M D.,... Martin Berzins, Robert M Kirby and Jeffrey Weiss 191 194 201 204 208 213 Adaptive Soft Tissue Deformation for a Virtual Reality Surgical Trainer Lenka Jerabkova, Timm P Wolter, Norbert Pallua and Torsten Kuhlen 219 Simulation of Color Deficiency in Virtual Reality Bei Jin, Zhuming Ai and Mary Rasmussen 223 Improving the Visual Realism of Virtual Surgery Wei Jin, Yi-Je Lim, Xie George Xu, Tejinder P Singh... Skills Trainer with Practical User Evaluation Metrics.” To appear in Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 13, 2005 [4] Acosta E., Temkin B “Build-and-Insert: Anatomical Structure Generation for Surgical Simulators.” International Symposium on Medical Simulation (ISMS), pp 230-239, 2004 [5] Temkin B., Acosta E., et al “Web-based Three-dimensional Virtual Body Structures.” Journal of the American Medical Informatics... [10] Burgin J., Stephens B., Vahora F., Temkin B., Marcy W., Gorman P., Krummel T., “Haptic Rendering of Volumetric Soft-Bodies Objects”, The third PHANToM User Workshop (PUG), 1998 8 Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 13 James D Westwood et al (Eds.) IOS Press, 2005 Haptic Laparoscopic Skills Trainer with Practical User Evaluation Metrics Eric ACOSTA and Bharti TEMKIN PhD Department of Computer Science,... al “Metrics for objective assessment.” Surgical Endoscopy, 17:220-226, 2003 [3] Payandeh S., Lomax A., et al “On Defining Metrics for Assessing Laparoscopic Surgical Skills in Virtual Training Environment.” Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 02/10, pp 334-340, 2002 E Acosta and B Temkin / Haptic Laparoscopic Skills Trainer with Practical User Evaluation Metrics 11 [4] Cotin S., Stylopoulos N., Ottensmeyer... Segmentation and Left Ventricle Surface Reconstruction Based on Level Set Method Zeming Zhou, Jianjie You, Pheng Ann Heng and Deshen Xia 629 Author Index 633 This page intentionally left blank Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 13 James D Westwood et al (Eds.) IOS Press, 2005 1 Dynamic Generation of Surgery Specific Simulators – A Feasibility Study Eric ACOSTA and Bharti TEMKIN PhD Department of Computer Science,... Johannes Kaasa, Kyrre Strøm, Geir Westgaard and Jan S Røtnes 502 Contents xix Virtual Reality Testing of Multi-Modal Integration in Schizophrenic Patients Anna Sorkin, Avi Peled and Daphna Weinshall 508 Emotional and Performance Attributes of a VR Game: A Study of Children Sharon Stansfield, Carole Dennis and Evan Suma 515 Virtual Reality Training Improves Students’ Knowledge Structures of Medical Concepts... appear in Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 13, 2005 12 Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 13 James D Westwood et al (Eds.) IOS Press, 2005 Desktop and Conference Room VR for Physicians Zhuming AI and Mary RASMUSSEN VRMedLab, Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago e-mail: zai@uic.edu Abstract Virtual environments such as the CAVE™and the ImmersaDesk™, which... Huang, Shahram Payandeh, Peter Doris and Ima Hajshirmohammadi Structural Flexibility of Laparoscopic Instruments: Implication for the Design of Virtual Reality Simulators Scott Hughes, James Larmer, Jason Park, Helen Macrae and Adam Dubrowski A Networked Haptic Virtual Environment for Teaching Temporal Bone Surgery Matthew Hutchins, Stephen O’Leary, Duncan Stevenson, Chris Gunn and Alexander Krumpholz . MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 13 Studies in Health Technology and Informatics This book series. Implemented and Beneficial E-Health Applications ISSN 0926-9630 Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 13 The Magical Next Becomes the Medical Now Edited by James