[...]... Gynecol Clin N Am 32 (2005) 547 – 558 Breast Cancer and Pregnancy Kimberly K Leslie, MDa,T, Carol A Lange, PhDb a Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 2211 Lomas Boulevard NE, ACC-4, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA b Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Road, Suite 460 C, Minneapolis,... [25,26] Pregnancy and risk of melanoma Risk of developing malignant melanoma during pregnancy has been examined in relation to both maternal disease and deleterious effects on the infant Previous studies of maternal risk of melanoma focused on the possible etiologic role of pregnancy-associated factors in development of the disease, and maternal prognosis In contrast, studies of fetal risk of melanoma dealt... [23] Receptors and mechanisms of tumorigenesis Steroid hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, act through intracellular transcription factors called steroid receptors These factors bind to the promoters of hormone-responsive genes and control the production of mRNA and the encoded proteins Receptors for estrogen and progesterone are typically abundant in breast cancers and are a sign of cellular... Effects of pregnancy after cervical cancer treatment Although a diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer during pregnancy can jeopardize the life of both the mother and the fetus, the diagnosis of cervical dysplasia and early invasive cancer can have a deleterious impact on future fertility of the mother and outcomes of future fetuses Level III data are emerging that help to define the risks of excisional... spread of maternal melanoma to the placenta and fetus, and subsequent prognosis of the offspring These issues are addressed independently in the following sections Risk of maternal melanoma during pregnancy Malignant melanoma is often cited as one of the most common tumors reported in pregnancy [27,28] It is important to recognize, however, that malignant melanoma is one of the most common types of cancer... number of pregnancies, age at first pregnancy, number of live births, and number of miscarriages) and subsequent development of melanoma Most studies found no evidence that factors linked to prior pregnancies increased subsequent risk of developing melanoma [32–38] Associations between prior pregnancy and melanoma reported by some investigators were inconsistent across categories and were generally of. .. Hispanics, and other people of color [3,4,8] Further, the histologic and primary site distribution of melanomas among whites differs from those of other populations [8–11] Concern regarding the possible association between pregnancy and development of malignant melanoma arose from early case reports of aggressive disease This work was supported by Contract No N01-PC-35138 from the National Cancer Institute and. .. carcinoma (FIGO stage IA1 and IA2) and visible lesions limited to the cervix (stage IB1 and IB2) complicating pregnancy have been studied extensively under the category of early stage disease [43] Decisions regarding timing of treatment and delivery are weighted by the trimester in which the diagnosis is made and more importantly the desirability of the pregnancy for the affected woman and her family Once... report of two cases and review of issues specific to the management of cervical carcinoma in pregnancy including planned delay of therapy Cancer 1998;82:1529 – 34 [53] Sadler L, Saftlas A, Wang W, et al Treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and risk of preterm delivery JAMA 2004;291:2100 – 6 [54] Raio L, Ghezzi F, Di Naro E, et al Duration of pregnancy after carbon dioxide laser conization of. .. outcome and predictors of outcome: are there age differentials? J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1994;16:35 – 42 [4] Petrek JA Breast cancer and pregnancy J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1994;16:113 – 21 [5] White TT Carcinoma of the breast and pregnancy: analysis of 920 cases collected from the literature and 22 new cases Ann Surg 1954;139(1):9 – 18 [6] White TT Prognosis of breast cancer for pregnant and nursing . Complicating Pregnancy This issue of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, pre- pared by Guest Editor Dr. Kimberly Leslie, deals with cancer. and the fetus. The purpose of this issue of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America is to review the known literature on the diagnosis and