[...]... less than 1% of singletons and only 5% of twins were delivered extremely preterm The second part of Table 6 displays by plurality groups the percent of fetal deaths distributed by birth weight and gestational age categories More than 60% of fetal deaths of multiple deliveries but 45% of fetal deaths of singleton deliveries occur at gestational ages less than 28 weeks’ gestation More than 20% of singleton... levels and were updated throughout the first trimester and after delivery as additional information embryonic loss in iatrogenic multiples 19 was obtained Collected information included maternal age and reproductive history, infertility treatment, including type and dose of fertility drugs (if any), date of conception or last menstrual period, the number of GS and embryos present, and the date of delivery,... referred to their own obstetrician for the remainder of prenatal care and delivery Patients with continuing triplet and higher-order multiple pregnancies were referred to a maternal fetal medicine specialist for consultation regarding MFPR, prenatal care, and delivery The birth outcomes of 95% of singleton and twin pregnancies and of all triplet and higher-order continuing pregnancies were known through... earlier and are of lower birth weight than unreduced twins [10–16], it is less certain that this also occurs after MFPR of triplets to twins Ours was the first study to show that the average length of gestation and weight of twins, which had spontaneously reduced from quadruplets and triplets, was less than unreduced twins conceived in our clinic The average length of gestation and weight of singleton... and gastrointestinal Respiratory problems affect most of the infants and include respiratory distress syndrome and apnea of prematurity in the short term and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or chronic lung disease in the long term Despite the major advances in recent years related to widespread antenatal corticosteroids and postnatal surfactant, BPD still may persist in up to 20% of VLBW and 40% of. .. et al [29], and Maayan-Metzger et al [30] have reported on singlecenter analyses of samples varying in size from 128 to 1481 infants, with the number of sets of triplets in each study varying between 18 and 116 In these studies, although twins and triplets had small differences in the occurrence of certain variables, such as delivery by cesarean section and the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity,... comparability of the study groups in research on the effects of plurality, it is important to adjust appropriately for as many potential confounding variables as possible and to make use of large samples One such study was reported by Donovan et al [37] in the neonatal research network of the National Institute of Child Health and Development This study compared the outcomes of singletons and twins (without... plurality The sample included 3717 singletons (66%), 1394 twins (25%), and 483 triplets (9%) born between 1995 and 1999 Use of assisted reproductive techniques was found in 10% of singletons, 56% of twins, and 91% of triplets Mothers of twins and triplets were significantly more likely to begin antenatal care in the first trimester and receive antenatal steroids Delivery by caesarean section was more... incidence of premature birth reported for IVF 24 dickey singleton and twin births compared with spontaneous pregnancies may be caused largely by the initial occurrence of triplet and higher-order gestations Effect of number of initial gestational sacs on weight at birth The effect of the initial number of GS seen by US on birth weight in pregnancies that spontaneously reduced to singleton and twin pregnancies... consequence of ovulation induction (OI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), or related assisted reproductive technologies (ART) In 2000, 118,997 babies were born as twins and 7328 were born as triplets, quadruplets, and higher orders in the United States [1] Of this number, OI without ART was estimated to be responsible for 20% of twin births and 38% of triplet and higher-order . this issue of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America,we first present a series of papers discussing the perinatal mortality risks of multiples, embryonic. mothers of singletons, we describe the risk of fetal and neonatal mortality by maternal characteristics and plurality to offer a clearer understand- ing of