CIS 185 Advanced Routing Protocols EIGRP Part 2 Rick Graziani Cabrillo College graziani@cabrillo.edu Fall 2012 2 EIGRP Part 2  EIGRP over Frame Relay  EIGRP over MPLS  EIGRP Load Balancing  EIGRP Bandwidth across WAN Links  Authentication  EIGRP Scalability in Large Networks 3 Materials  Book:  Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) Foundation Learning Guide: Foundation learning for the ROUTE 642-902 Exam  By Diane Teare  Book  ISBN-10: 1-58705-882-0  ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-882-0  eBook  ISBN-10: 0-13-255033-4  ISBN-13: 978-0-13-255033-8 Configuring and Verifying EIGRP in an Enterprise WAN Physical Frame-Relay Multipoint and point-to-point Frame-Relay subinterfaces Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) virtual private networks (VPNs) Ethernet over Multiprotocol Label Switching (EoMPLS) 4 Frame Relay Basics  Frame Relay Basics  A switched WAN technology  Virtual circuits (VCs) are created by a Service Provider (SP)  Multiple logical VCs to be multiplexed over a single physical interface.  Typically PVCs identified by a locally significant data link connection identifier (DLCI).  For IP connectivity: A mapping between IP addresses and DLCIs must be defined, either dynamically or statically. 5 Frame Relay Basics  By default, a Frame Relay network is an NBMA network.  Like multiaccess networks (Ethernet LANs) All routers are on the same subnet  But broadcast (and multicast) packets CANNOT be sent just once as they are in a broadcast environment such as Ethernet.  Cisco IOS implements pseudo-broadcasting  Router creates a copy of the broadcast or multicast packet for each neighbor reachable through the WAN media (over the PVC).  Sends the copy of the broadcast or multicast packet over the appropriate PVC for that neighbor. 6 EIGRP over Frame Relay: Physical Interface with Dynamic Mapping  Inverse ARP is on by default  Automatically maps the IP address of the devices at the other end of the PVCs to the local DLCI number.  Split horizon is disabled by default on Frame Relay physical interfaces.  Routes from Router R2 can be sent to Router R3, and vise-versa.  Note: Inverse ARP does not provide dynamic mapping for the communication between routers R2 to R3 because they are not connected with a PVC; this must be configured (mapped) manually 7 DLCI 100 DLCI 130 R1 Same Subnet EIGRP over Frame Relay: Physical Interface with Dynamic Mapping  R1 forms the adjacency with router R2 and R3 over the serial0/0 physical interface.  R3 (and R2) forms an adjacency with router R1.  No EIGRP relationship exists between routers R2 and R3. 8 EIGRP over Frame Relay: Physical Interface with Static Mapping  Using static mapping disables Inverse ARP  No changes to the basic EIGRP configuration.  Manual IP-to-DLCI mapping commands on the serial 0/0 interface are necessary on all three routers.  Again, because split horizon is disabled by default on Frame Relay physical interfaces, routes from R2 can be sent to R3, and vise-versa.  Note: R1 includes a Frame Relay map to its own IP address so it can ping its own interface. 9 R1 interface Serial 0/0 encapsulation frame-relay ip address 192.168.1.103 255.255.255.0 frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.101 130 broadcast router eigrp 110 network 192.168.1.0 R3 EIGRP over Frame Relay: Physical Interface with Static Mapping  The adjacencies formed on R1 using static mapping are the same as those formed using dynamic mapping.  R2 and R3 also form an adjacency with router R1.  R2 and R3 can also form an EIGRP adjacency to each other if the IP-to- DLCI mapping for that connectivity is provided.  Output shows that R3 has two neighbors (router R1 and R2), indicating that this mapping was provided on R3 (but not required between R2 and R3). 10 interface Serial 0/0 encapsulation frame-relay ip address 192.168.1.103 255.255.255.0 frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.101 130 broadcast frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.102 130 broadcast router eigrp 110 network 192.168.1.0 R3 [...]... ip address 1 92. 168.1.101 25 5 .25 5 .25 5.0 no ip split-horizon eigrp 110 frame-relay map ip 1 92. 168.1.1 02 1 02 broadcast frame-relay map ip 1 92. 168.1.103 103 broadcast router eigrp 110 network 1 92. 168.1.0 network 1 72. 16.1.0 0.0.0 .25 5 R3 interface Serial 0/0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay interface serial 0/0/0.1 multipoint ip address 1 92. 168.1.103 25 5 .25 5 .25 5.0 frame-relay map ip 1 92. 168.1.101 130... ip address 1 92. 168.1.101 25 5 .25 5 .25 5.0 no ip split-horizon eigrp 110 frame-relay map ip 1 92. 168.1.1 02 1 02 broadcast frame-relay map ip 1 92. 168.1.103 103 broadcast router eigrp 110 network 1 92. 168.1.0 network 1 72. 16.1.0 0.0.0 .25 5 R3 interface Serial 0/0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay interface serial 0/0/0.1 multipoint ip address 1 92. 168.1.103 25 5 .25 5 .25 5.0 frame-relay map ip 1 92. 168.1.101 130... frame-relay interface serial 0/0/0.1 multipoint ip address 1 92. 168.1.103 25 5 .25 5 .25 5.0 frame-relay map ip 1 92. 168.1.101 130 broadcast router eigrp 110 network 1 92. 168.1.0  Because R3 is not using the neighbor command it tries to communicate with multicast packets on its Serial 0/0/.1  However, neighborship is not established because neither R1 nor Router R2 is accepting multicast packets 18 EIGRP over Frame... adjacency with routers R2 and R3 over the serial0/0.1 multipoint subinterface  R2 and R3 form the adjacency with R1  Note: R2 and R3 could form an adjacency between each other if the IP address-to-DLCI mapping for that connectivity is provided (not required) 14 EIGRP over Frame Relay: Unicast Neighbors R1 R2  Not all Frame Relay service providers support multicasts/broadcasts so routing information... Layer 3 routing  Benefits of Layer 2 switching  Short fixed-length labels are assigned to each packet at the edge of the MPLS network  Allows for scalable VPNs, end-to-end QoS, and other IP services that allow efficient utilization of existing networks with simpler configuration, management, and quicker fault correction 22 What is MPLS?  New WAN technology originally defined in RFC 3031 by:  Cisco... Later, Layer 2 VPNs based on point-to-point data link layer connectivity, using ATM or Frame Relay virtual circuits  MPLS VPNs were introduced to provide a unified network for Layer 3 VPN services  Any Transport over MPLS (AToM) was introduced to facilitate this Layer 2 connectivity across an MPLS backbone 34 Layer 2 and Layer 3 MPLS VPN Solutions  Layer 2 MPLS VPN provides a Layer 2 service across... across the backbone  R1 and R2 are connected together on the same IP subnet  Layer 3 MPLS VPN provides a Layer 3 service across the backbone  R1 and R2 are connected to ISP edge routers; on each side, a separate IP subnet is used 35 Layer 2 and Layer 3 MPLS VPN Solutions Site #3  The network is divided into:  Customer-controlled part (C-network)  Provider-controlled part (P-network)  Contiguous... Ipsilon (now part of Nokia) What is the problem MPLS is trying to solve?  Layer 3 End-to-end circuits  Advantages  IP routing provides dynamic, automatic path setup  Provides best path and backup paths  Provides QoS  Disadvantages  Latency in hop-by-hop Layer 3 lookup  Latency in routing – switching – packet forwarding process What is the problem MPLS is trying to solve?  Layer 2 End-to-end... precedence 28 MPLS Operation  MPLS network nodes are called Label-Switched Routers (LSRs)  Use the label to determine the next-hop for the packet  Do not need to examine the packet’s IP header  Forwards packets based on the label  After a path has been established:  Packets destined to the same endpoint with the same requirements can be forwarded based on these labels without a routing decision at... MPLS equivalent to destination-based routing 29 MPLS Operation  A Label-Switched Path (LSP) must be defined for each FEC before packets can be sent  Labels are locally significant to each MPLS node only  Therefore nodes must communicate what label to use for each FEC  Label Distribution Protocol  Enhanced version of the Resource Reservation Protocol  An interior routing protocol, such as OSPF or . CIS 185 Advanced Routing Protocols EIGRP Part 2 Rick Graziani Cabrillo College graziani@cabrillo.edu Fall 20 12 2 EIGRP Part 2  EIGRP over. 1 92. 168.1.103 25 5 .25 5 .25 5.0 frame-relay map ip 1 92. 168.1.101 130 broadcast frame-relay map ip 1 92. 168.1.1 02 130 broadcast router eigrp 110 network 1 92. 168.1.0 R3 EIGRP