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Các dạng PARAGRAPHS phổ biến + Cách viết TYPES OF PARAGRAPHS A DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH 1 DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH is a paragraph that describes how a person ,a place or a thing looks or feels You create a sensory image on the readers’s mind when you write your paragraph Descriptive paragraphs let the readers touch, taste, see, hear and smell what you are reading 2 DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH ORGANIZATION Title your paragraph Topic sentence Introduce the item that you are going to describe Include your general feeling or opinion about that item Su.
TYPES OF PARAGRAPHS A.DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH is a paragraph that describes how a person ,a place or a thing looks or feels You create a sensory image on the readers’s mind when you write your paragraph Descriptive paragraphs let the readers touch, taste, see, hear and smell what you are reading 2.DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH ORGANIZATION Title your paragraph Topic sentence:-Introduce the item that you are going to describe -Include your general feeling or opinion about that item Supporting sentences -give some background information -give descriptive details -say how you feel about the item Concluding sentence -Restate the topic sentence in different words 3.SOME TIPS FOR DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH Use spatial order to organize your ideas (top to bottom, near to far) 2.Use specific language Use descriptive adjective General Specific Size opinion opinion Shape Age Color Nationality Material 4.Use linking verbs to describe the items 5.Use dominant impression to describe a person B.EXPLAINING BY SHOWING SIMILARITIES &DIFFERENCES -Comparison -Contrast -Comparing and Contrasting B.1.Comparison MODEL PARAGRAPH TWO MESSENGERS Once when I was looking at an African mask belonging to a friend of mine I thought that all societies can produce great works of art I could not help comparing the mask to the famous Greek sculpture ò the head of the god Apollo The African mask represents someone from the spirit world of the forest It is an abstraction: it is not a real person It has been admired by many people , especially modern artists The Apollo of Belvedere, likewise, is from the spirit world of Mount Olympus Similarly, it is an abstraction: it is not a real person Also, it was the most admired piece of sculpture in the world for 400 years after it was found Both are clearly great works of art OUTLINE Topic Sentence: Comparing two sculptures shows that all societies can produce great works of art I The African mask A Represent s a spirit B Is an abstraction , not real C Is greatly admired II Apollo of Belvedere A Represents a spirit B Is an abstraction , not real C Was greatly admired Concluding Sentence: Both are clearly great works of art SOME TIPS FOR COMPARING PARAGRAPH Using comparative structures -and -both -both….and… -too -neither……nor… -similar to … -similarly, -likewise -the same as -in the same way C.CONTRAST PARAGRAPH MODEL PARAGRAPH CHANGES People in towns and cities are certainly different When I was young, I lived in a small town Everyone was friendly In the evening, people would sit on their front porches and talk They would smile and wave to others walking by The front doors were open, and you could hear those inside talking and laughing I knew the names of everyone in the neighborhood Now I live in the city People not seem to be as friendly here Instead of sitting out front ,they go in their backyards behind walls The front doors are shut and locked Even the curtains in the windows are closed I not even know the name of my neighbor next door Have people changed, or have I? OUTLINE Topic Sentence: People in towns and cities are certainly different 1.Describing small town people -everyone was friendly -people sit on their front porches and talk -they smile and wave to others walking by -they know clearly each other 2.Describing city people -Instead of sitting out front, they go in their backyards behind walls - the doors are shut and locked -the curtains of the windows are closed -they not know their neighbor’s names Concluding Sentence: Have they changed or have I changed? SOME TIPS FOR CONTRASTING PARAGRAPH Using contrasting structures -more/less + adj /adv + than -adj+er +than -but, while, whereas, though -not the same as -not as… as -different from -in contrast -however -on the other hand -in spite of -despite -unlike -rather -except D.COMPARING AND CONTRASTING PARAGRAPH MODEL PARAGRAPH THE ELDERLY Although old people in the United States and in my country ; Japan are treated the same in some ways, in other ways they are treated differently In Japan, the young people will give an older person a seat on a bus or train The young open doors for the old The elderly get lower prices on buses and tickets to shows In Japan, the grandparents live with the family They help to raise the grandchildren If someone needs advice, the first person to be asked is the grandfather because he is the wisest In the United States,the young will offer their seat on a bus or train to an older person They will open doors for the elderly,too Older people in the United States also get lower costs for transportation and entertainment However, in the United States, older people rarely live with their families They not help to raise the grandchildren or give advice They live with other older people in senior citizen places I think that it is better for families to live all together in companionship OUTLINE Topic Sentence: Old people are treated similarly and differently in Japan and in the United States I Treatment in Japan A.Similarities 1.given seats on buses or trains 2.doors open 3.given lower costs -transportation -entertainment B.Differences 1.live with their family 2.help raise grandchildren 3.give advice II.Treatment in the United States A.Similarities 1.given seats on buses or trains 2.doors open 3.given lower costs -transportation -entertainment B.Differences not live with their children 2.do not give advice 3.live with other older people Concluding Sentence: I think living with the family is better ... mask belonging to a friend of mine I thought that all societies can produce great works of art I could not help comparing the mask to the famous Greek sculpture ò the head of the god Apollo The African... world of the forest It is an abstraction: it is not a real person It has been admired by many people , especially modern artists The Apollo of Belvedere, likewise, is from the spirit world of Mount... a real person Also, it was the most admired piece of sculpture in the world for 400 years after it was found Both are clearly great works of art OUTLINE Topic Sentence: Comparing two sculptures