The Project Gutenberg EBook of Surgical Anatomy, by Joseph Maclise This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Surgical Anatomy Author: Joseph Maclise Release Date: January 27, 2008 [EBook #24440] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SURGICAL ANATOMY *** Produced by Don Kostuch [Transcriber's Notes] Thanks to Carol Presher of Timeless Antiques, Valley, Alabama, for lending the original book for this production. The 140 year old binding had disintegrated, but the paper and printing was in amazingly good condition, particularly the multicolor images. Thanks also to the Mayo Clinic. This book has increased my appreciation of their skilled care of my case by showing the many ways that things could go wrong. Footnotes are indicated by "[Footnote]" where they appear in the text. The body of the footnote appears immediately following the complete paragraph. If more than one footnote appears in the same paragraph, they are numbered. A few obvious misspellings have been corrected. Several cases of alternate spelling of the same(?) word have not been modified. Pages have been reorganized to avoid splitting sentences and paragraphs. Each image is inserted immediately following its description. Some of the plates did not fit on the scanner and were captured as two separate images. The merged images show some artifacts of the merge process due to slightly different lighting of the page. The contrast and gamma values have been adjusted to restore the images. To view a figure while reading the corresponding text, try opening the file in two windows. For some viewers, you may have to copy the file and open both the copy and the original. Here are the definitions of some words used in the text. Medical terms are defined only relating to humans. Words are omitted that have ambiguous or technical meanings not expressible in lay language. acromial (acromion) Outward end of the spine of the scapula or shoulder blade. adipose Consisting of, resembling, or relating to fat. anasarca Pronounced, generalized edema; accumulation of serous fluid in various tissues and cavities of the body. anastomosing (anastomoses, anastomosis) Communication between blood vessels by means of collateral channels, when usual routes are obstructed. Opening between two organs or spaces that normally are not connected. aneurism Localized blood-filled dilatation of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel's wall. anthropotomist (anthropotomy) One versed in human anatomy. aorta (aortic) Main trunk of the arterial system, conveying blood from the left ventricle of the heart to all of the body except the lungs. apices (plural of apex) Pointed end of an object; the tip. aponeurosis Sheet-like fibrous membrane, resembling a flattened tendon, that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting muscle to bone. armamentaria Complete equipment of a physician or medical institution, including books, supplies, and instruments. auscultation Listening, either directly or through a stethoscope or other instrument, to sounds within the body as a method of diagnosis. axilla (axillary) Armpit. azygos Occurring singly; not one of a pair. bifid Separated or cleft into two equal parts or lobes. biliary Relating to bile, the bile ducts, or the gallbladder; transporting bile. bistoury Long, narrow surgical knife for minor incisions. bougie Slender, flexible instrument introduced into body passages, to dilate, examine, or medicate. brachial (brachio) Belonging to the arm. bubonocele Inguinal hernia, in which the protrusion of the intestine is limited to the region of the groin. cannula Metal tube for insertion into the body to draw off fluid or to introduce medication. carotid Two large arteries, one on each side of the head. cephalic Relating to the head. cervical Pertaining to the neck. chlorotic Benign iron-deficiency anemia in adolescent girls, marked by a pale yellow-green complexion. clavicle Either of two slender bones extending from the upper part of the sternum (breastbone) to the shoulder. coaptation Joining together of two surfaces, such as the edges of a wound or the ends of a broken bone. condyle Smooth surface area at the end of a bone, forming part of a joint. costal Pertaining to the ribs or the upper sides of the body. cremaster Suspensory muscle of the testis. crural Relating to the leg or thigh. director A smoothly grooved instrument used with a knife to limit the incision of tissues. distal Situated away from the point of origin or attachment. dropsy (dropsical) (edema) Swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities emphysema Chronic, irreversible disease of the lungs; abnormal enlargement of air spaces in the lungs accompanied by destruction of the tissue lining the walls of the air spaces. emunctory Organ or duct that removes or carries waste from the body. epigastric (epigastrium) Upper middle region of the abdomen. episternal See sternum. esophagus See oesophagus. euphoneously (euphoniously) Pleasant in sound; agreeable to the ear; exigence Urgency, need, demand, or requirement intrinsic to a circumstance. extravasation Exuding or passing out of a vessel into surrounding tissues; said of blood, lymph or urine fascia A band of connective tissue supporting, or binding together internal organs or parts of the body. femoral Pertaining to, or situated at, in, or near the thigh or femur. fistula Abnormal duct or passage resulting from injury, disease, or a congenital disorder that connects an abscess, cavity, or hollow organ to the body surface or to another hollow organ. foramen (foramina) Opening, orifice, or short passage, as in a bone. fossa (fossae) Small cavity or depression, as in a bone. hepatic Pertaining to the liver. herniae (hernia) Protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening in its surrounding walls, especially in the abdomen. humerus Bone in the arm of humans extending from the shoulder to the elbow. hydragogue Cathartics that aid in the removal of edematous fluids and thus promote the discharge of watery fluid from the bowels. hydrocele An accumulation of serous fluid, usually about the testis. hydrops See dropsy. Edema. iliac artery Common iliac artery either of two large arteries that conduct blood to the pelvis and the legs. External iliac artery the outer branch of an iliac artery that becomes the femoral artery. Hypogastric artery internal iliac artery; the inner branch of an iliac artery that conducts blood to the gluteal region. infundibuliform Shaped like a funnel. inguinal Relating to, or located in the groin. innominate Designated parts otherwise unnamed; as, the innominate artery, a great branch of the arch of the aorta; the innominate vein, a great branch of the superior vena cava. inosculate Unite by openings; connect or join so as to become or make continuous, as fibers; blend, unite intimately integument Natural covering, coating, enclosure, etc., as a skin, shell, or rind. laryngotomy Cutting into the larynx, from the outside of the neck, to assist respiration, or to remove foreign bodies. ligature Thread or wire for constriction of blood vessels or for removing tumors by strangulation. lithotomy Surgery to remove one or more stones from an organ or duct. meatus Body opening such as the opening of the ear or the urethral canal. metamorphosis Profound change in form from one stage to the next, as from the caterpillar to the pupa and from the pupa to the adult butterfly. micturition Passing urine; urination. nares (naris) Nostrils or the nasal passages. nisus Effort or endeavor to realize an aim. occiput Back part of the head or skull. oesophagus (esophagus) Muscular membranous tube for the passage of food from the pharynx to the stomach. osseous Bone, bony; palmar Pertaining to, or located in the palm of the hand. paracentesis Puncture of the wall of a cavity to drain off fluid. parietes Wall of a body part, organ, or cavity. parotid Salivary gland situated at the base of each ear; near the ear. percussion Striking or tapping the surface the body for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. pericardii (pericardium) A double membranous sac protecting the heart. The layer in contact with the heart is referred to as the visceral layer, the outer layer in contact with surrounding organs is the parietal pericardium. peritoneum (peritonaeum) Serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and folds inward to enclose the viscera. pharynx (pharyngeal) The cavity, with its surrounding membrane and muscles, that connects the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus. physiology (physiologist) Biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts. platysma Broad, thin muscle on each side of the neck, from the upper part of the shoulder to the corner of the mouth. They wrinkle the skin of the neck and depresses the corner of the mouth. pleura Thin serous membrane in mammals that envelops each lung and folds back to make a lining for the chest cavity. pleuritic (pleurisy) Inflammation of the pleura, often as a complication of a disease such as pneumonia, accompanied by accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, chills, fever, and painful breathing and coughing. plexus Network, as of nerves or blood vessels. pneumothorax Air or gas in the pleural cavity. popliteal Relating to the hollow part of the leg behind the knee joint. probang Long, slender, elastic rod with a sponge at the end. It is introduced into the esophagus or larynx to remove foreign bodies or introduce medication. pudic Pertaining to the external organs of generation. pyriform Shaped like a pear. radius Bone of the forearm on the thumb side. (See ulnar) ramus A branch, as of a nerve, or blood vessel. raphe Seamlike union between two parts or halves of an organ. ratiocination Logical reasoning. sacculated Formed with or having saclike expansions. scirrhus Hard dense cancerous growth usually arising from connective tissue. septa Thin partition dividing two cavities or soft masses of tissue. sternum Bones extending along the middle line of the ventral portion of the body of most vertebrates, consisting in humans of a flat, narrow bone connected with the clavicles and the true ribs; breastbone. stricture Abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage. subclavian Beneath the clavicle. submaxillary Pertaining to the lower jaw. sui generis The only example of its kind; a class of its own; unique superficies Outward appearance. sutural Junction of two bones. symphysis Growing together, or the fixed or nearly fixed union, of bones. taxis Replacing of a displaced part, or the reducing of a hernia, by manipulation without cutting. tegument (tegumentary, integument) Natural outer covering. thorax (thoracic) Trunk between the neck and the abdomen, containing the cavity enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and certain vertebrae, containing the heart, lungs, etc.; chest. trachea (tracheal) Tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs. Windpipe. trephine (trephining) Small circular saw with a center pin mounted on a strong hollow metal shaft, used to remove circular disks of bone from the skull. trocar Sharp-pointed instrument enclosed in a cannula, used for withdrawing fluid from a cavity, as the abdominal cavity. tunica vaginalis Pouch of serous membrane covering the testis and derived from the peritoneum. venesection (venisection, phlebotomy) Opening a vein by incision or puncture to remove blood as a therapeutic treatment. viz. Contraction of the Latin "videre licet" meaning "it is permissible to see," The -z- is not a letter, but originally a twirl, representing the symbol for the ending -et. Usually read as "namely." ulnar Bone of the forearm on the side opposite to the thumb. (See radius) [End Transcriber's Notes] [...]... mental symphysis to the top of the sternum, and posteriorly by a line drawn between the occiput and shoulder The superior side of this cervical square is drawn by the horizontal ramus of the lower maxilla, and the inferior side by the horizontal line of the clavicle This square space, R 16, 8, 6, Plate 4, is halved by a diagonal line, drawn by the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle B, which cuts the square... respectively influence the form and dimensions of each other That space which the lungs do not occupy is filled by the heart, &c., and vice versa The thoracic apparatus causes no vacuum by the acts of either contraction or dilatation Neither do the lungs or the heart When any organ, by its process of growth, or by its own functional act, forces a space for itself, it immediately inhabits that space entirely at... stricture Coexistence of several Prostatic abscess distorting and constricting the urethra Perforation of the prostate by catheters Series of gradual enlargements of the third lobe of the prostate Distortion of the canal by the enlarged third lobe by the irregular enlargement of the three lobes by a nipple-shaped excrescence at the vesical orifice COMMENTARY ON PLATES 61 & 62 P 133 DEFORMITIES OF THE PROSTATE;... subclavian artery COMMENTARY ON PLATES 7 & 8 P 21 THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE SUBCLAVIAN AND CAROTID REGIONS, AND THE RELATIVE ANATOMY OF THEIR CONTENTS General observations Abnormal complications of the carotid and subclavian arteries Relative position of the vessels liable to change by the motions of the head and shoulder Necessity for a fixed surgical position in operations affecting these vessels... THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE EPISTERNAL OR TRACHEAL REGION, AND THE RELATIVE POSITION OF ITS MAIN BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, ETC Varieties of the primary aortic branches explained by the law of metamorphosis The structures at the median line of the neck The operations of tracheotomy and laryngotomy in the child and adult, The right and left brachio-cephalic arteries and their varieties considered surgically... of compressing this vessel against the humerus COMMENTARY ON PLATES 13 & 14 P 33 THE SURGICAL FORMS OF THE MALE AND FEMALE AXILLAE COMPARED The mammary and axillary glands in health and disease Excision of these glands Axillary abscess General surgical observations on the axilla COMMENTARY ON PLATES 15 & 16 P 37 THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE BEND OF THE ELBOW AND THE FOREARM, SHOWING THE RELATIVE POSITION... Neck of the bladder The prostate Puncturation of the bladder by the rectum The pudic artery COMMENTARY ON PLATES 50 & 51 P 113 THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES OF THE MALE PERINAEUM Remarks on the median line Congenital malformations Extravasation of urine into the sac of the superficial fascia Symmetry of the parts Surgical boundaries of the perinaeum Median and lateral important... ASPIRATION FOR THE LIGHT OF SCIENCE JOSEPH MACLISE PREFACE The object of this work is to present to the student of medicine and the practitioner removed from the schools, a series of dissections demonstrative of the relative anatomy of the principal regions of the human body Whatever title may most fittingly apply to a work with this intent, whether it had better be styled surgical or medical, regional,... collateral circulation that may be thereby carried on for the support of distal parts COMMENTARY ON PLATES 1 & 2 THE FORM OF THE THORACIC CAVITY, AND THE POSITION OF THE LUNGS, HEART, AND LARGER BLOODVESSELS In the human body there does not exist any such space as cavity, properly so called Every space is occupied by its contents The thoracic space is completely filled by its viscera, which, in mass, take... illustrating by figure rather than by that of written language, which latter, taken alone, is almost impotent in a study of this nature It is wholly impossible for anyone to describe form in words without the aid of figures Even the mathematical strength of Euclid would avail nothing, if shorn of his diagrams The professorial robe is impotent without its diagrams Anatomy being a science existing by demonstration, . The Project Gutenberg EBook of Surgical Anatomy, by Joseph Maclise This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost. Transcriber's Notes]