CflNH GI^C y(n NHCTNG QIQNQ DI$a XCIYiN T0C CHd NGHifl N^C - ilNIN vfi Ttf TcrdNG n6 CH( MINH GS TRAN NHAM K e tft khi ra ddi, Dftig ta da khing dinh di theo ehu nghla Mac - Lenin, va sau nay bd sung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh thanh mdt chinh the la chu nghia Mdc - Lenin vd tu tudng Ho Chi Minh, va xac dinh day la nen tang tu tudng va kim ehi nam hftih ddng cua Dang va each mang. Chu nghia Mac - Lenin la hgc thuyet "md" chi ra muc tieu, con dudng, budc di, phuong phap each mang khdng chi trong cudc each mang dan tdc dan chft nhan dan ma ca trong cdng cudc doi mdi xay dimg chu nghla xa hdi nfta. Thing lpi cua each mang Viet Nam tft tmdc den nay va tft nay ve sau deu bit ngudn tft eo sd tu tudng ly luan chft nghla Mac - L^nin, tu tudng Ho Chi Minh. Khang djnh la'y chft nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh lam nin tang tu tudng, kim chi nam cho hanh ddng la budc phft trien quan trpng trong nhan thftc va tu duy ly luan efta Dftig ta. Cd tinh lam ngo hien thuc ljch sft, trong thdi gian qua, xua't hien mdt lan sdng mdi vdi nhiing gipng di6u nham tai xuyen tac nen tang tu tudng efta Dang ta, xuyen tac mdi quan h6 gifta chu nghia Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Muih. 1- Hp cham biem va mi6t thi mdt each gay git ring "cft ggi la chu nghla Mac - Lenin dd tren thuc te da khdng cdn la kim chi nam cho hftih ddng eua chung ta nfta". Tft chd ha thip vai trd chu nghla Mac - Lenin bang each thay vao dd la ly ludn Mdc de'n chd thay chii nghia Lenin bing cum tft CO su ddng gdp ciia Lenin, de rdi cudi cftng hg khing dinh ring khdng cd cft ggi la "chft nghia Mac - Lenin", vi chu nghia a'y da "ma't tinh tft yeu, mft quyin ton tai, mft tinh hgp ly" rdi. Su mo hd, lin ldn d day chinh la hg la'y thuat nguy bien thay cho phep bien chiing. Hp nhap nhang, lin ldn gifta su gidng nhau be ngoai cua khft niem khung hodng ve nhdn thdc ly ludn vdi khft niem khiing hodng ve hpc thuyet, ma khdng tha'y ndi ham, ban cha't cua hai khft niem ay cd su khac nhau. 2- Hg cho ring tft lau nay. Dang ta da bj chu nghla Mac - Lenin "trdi chan trdi tay", ludng vudng vdi viec trung thftih hay khdng trung thanh vdi ehu nghla dd, khdng LY LUAN CHiNH TR! 5 - 2010 63 dam nhin thing vao su that, vugt len chinh minh de gat bd mpi trd ngai, thao tung su trdi budc cua cai gpi la "chu nghla Mac - Lenin". Nhu vay, cai ma hp dinh cdi bd, thao tung su trdi chan trdi tay dd khdng phai la nhftng nhan thftc giao dieu, rap khudn, sai lech ve chft nghla Mac - Lenin ma chinh la ban than hpc thuyet Mdc cd su ddng gdp cua Lenin. Vi theo hp thi hpc thuyet a'y la efta the ky thft XIX, de'n nay budc vao the ky XXI da ldi thdi rdi. Tuy nhien, hp cd vdt vat ma ndi ring cd nhiing diem, nhihig phan cdn cd the dftng dugc cho cudc sd'ng hdm nay, may ra chi cdn lai la phuong phap bien chiing. Nhan manh phuong phap bien chftng duy vat khdng cd nghia la tft dd cho ring trong chft nghla Mac - Lenin, cai cdn cd gia tri cd thi dftng dugc chi la phuong phap, cdn ly luan, hpc thuyet thi ta't ca da ldi thdi, nhu hp da ndi bfta. That ra, ne'u hiiu dftng ban chat cua va'n de thi trong chft nghla Mac - Lenin, phuong phap va ly luan bao gid cftng thdng nha't vdi nhau, gin ke't chft che khdng tach rdi. Bdi khdng the nao nghien cftu va van dung sang tao ly luan, hpc thuyet Mac - Lenin ma lft khdng nim vung phep bien chiing efta nd. Phuong phap the hien va xuyen sudt trong hpc thuyet, la linh hdn sd'ng efta ly luan, cdn ly luan la san pham ta't ye'u efta su van dung phuong phap vao thuc tiin. Chft nghla Mac - Lenin vd'n la hpc thuyet md, khdng ngihig phft trien chinh la d su thdng nha't bien chftng, su gin bd hihi CO gifta phuang phap va ly luan. Chinh vi the nd mdi ximg dang gift vai trd nen tang, kim chi nam cho hanh ddng efta cac dang epng san. Viit bd ly luan, gift lai phuang phap la dieu khdng the! Thue chat la ho mud'n bd di ta't ca. Hp am chi Dftig ta "cau ne va nd le vdi qua khft", khdng dam tu viit bd su trdi budc vd ly eua cai gpi la "su trung thanh vdi chu nghia Mac - Lenin", va ho len an chuih "su trung thanh" dd cua Dang ta da can trd sftc sd'ng cua dan tdc, va se phai "tra gia tmdc ljch sft". Cdn phai nhan manh ring su trung thanh vdi chft nghia Mac - Lenin cua Dang ta khdng phft dugc xay dung tren y mud'n chft quan ma dugc xac lap tren mdt co sd khach quan vdi chiiu dai lich sft phft trien cua Dang. Tft khi chu nghia Mac - Lenin tham nhap vao Viet Nam do Nguyin Ai Qud'c - Hd Chi Minh truyen ba rdng rft, thi mdi cd budc ngoat can ban efta each mang Viet Nam. Ke tft dd, chft nghia Mac - Lenin khdng ngihig phft trien bin vftng cftng vdi tofti bd tie'n trinh di len efta each mang Viet Nam. O day, ban cha't each mang va khoa hpc cua chft nghla Mac - Lenin dugc van dung mdt each sang tao, phft trien mdt each diy du tren mftih da't Viet Nam. Nhd dd. Dang ta de ra dugc dudng ldi chien luge, sach luge va phuong phap each mang dung din, dua each mang nudc ta di tft thing lpi nay den thftig lpi khac, nhihig thing lpi cd y nghia ljch sft to ldn cua su nghiep gift phdng dan tdc, thdng nha't Td qud'c, cua cdng cudc tim dudng, khai pha dau tien chua cd tiin le trong lich sft, de dua mdt da't nudc kem phft trien di len chu nghia xa hdi bd qua che' dd tu ban chu nghla. 80 nam qua, nhung ngudi cdng san va cac tang ldp nhan dan Viet Nam da the nghiem sau sic kinh nghiem chinh tri ban than va tu y thftc rd chft nghia Mac - Lenin la kim chi nam cho hanh ddng each mang cua minh, do dd ludn bieu thj long thanh kinh, su trung thanh vd ban va thai dd ludn 64 LY LUAN CHiNH TR! 5-2010 luon tran trpng tu day long minh ddi vdi chu nghla Mac - Lenin, ra sftc hpc tap, nghien cftu, van dung va phat trien chii nghia Mac - Lenin vao boat dpng thuc tien; ludn xac dinh niem tin vftng chic cd can cft khoa hpc vao mpt hpc thuyet da trd thanh nin tang tu tudng ciia Dang, cua each mang ^^iet Nam. Cho nen, trung thanh hay khdng trung thanh vdi chu nghTa Mac - Lenin khdng phai chi do tu minh mud'n ma dugc, suy cho cftng, dd la ta't yeu ljch sft, la ddi hdi cua hien thuc khach quan. Cdn mdt su that ljch sft nfta ve bai hpc khdng trung thdnh vdi chii nghia Mdc - Lenin cua ekip Godcbachdp da dan Lien Xd de'n su sup do va tan ra vao nam 1991, budc hp phai tra gia tmdc lich sft. O day, su tra gia la do khdng trung thanh vdi chii nghla Mac - Lenin. Hay ngugc ddng lich su 20 nam tmdc day d Lien Xd. Trong qua trinh cai td, ekip Godcbachdp vien cd chd'ng giao dieu hda chu nghia Mac - Lenin de phu nhan va bae bd ta't ca nhirng nguyen Iy co ban efta chft nghia Mae - Lenin, da lam cho Dang Cdng san Lien Xd mat di cai nen tang, kim chi nam cho hanh ddng, khdng cdn he tu tudng chi dao cua Dang, din de'n chd tan ra vi mat tu tudng - chinh tri. Cdn ke thu thi Igi dung co may hiem cd de tien cdng vao chu nghla Mac - Lenin va ra sftc chd'ng dang cdng san, chdng chu ngbia xa hdi, tao thuan Igi cho sit tham nhap tu tudng tu san vao y thftc xa hdi va bgn co hdi. Nguyen tic co ban cua chft nghla Mac - Lenin la nguyen tic tap trung dan chu da bi hp xda bd. Tft dd, chu truong dan chii hda khdng cd gidi ban da md dudng cho chu nghla vd chinh phii, cho sir hdn loan trong xa hdi phat trien he't cS. Viec cha'p nhan va thuc thi da nguyen chinh tri, da dang ddi lap da md dudng cho viec hinh thanh cac td chftc du mau sic chinh trj khac nhau chdng lai dang cdng san. Ndi bd dang chia re, phan hda thanh nhieu phe nhdm. Chinh vi tft bd nguyen tic tap trung dan chu ma su thdng nhat trong Dang bj pha vd, keo theo su tan vd khdi thdng nhaft tfonjg x5 h^i. On cac luc lugng chd'ng Dang, chd'ng chu nghia xa hdi Igi dung co hdi eudp lay chinh quyin tft tay Dang, loai Dang ra khdi vft dai chinh trj va dua xa hdi di theo quy dao cua chu nghla tu ban. Vay thi d day, su tra gia trudc Hch sft la do trung thanh hay khdng trung thanh vdi chu nghia Mac - Lenin? Cau tra ldi da qua rd rang: su phan bdi chu nghla Mac - Lenin cua ekip Godcbachdp da phai tra mdt cai gia qua dit trudc ljch sft. Bai hgc chua rao muc, ta't ca hay cdn nguyen ven. Chang le cai gia ma nhftng ngudi cdng san Lien Xd phai tra trudc lich sft chua dii de riit ra bai hpc lich sft hay sao? 3- Cudi cftng hp kien nghi "lay tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ldm nen tdng tu tudng ciia Ddng de tao nen mdt su ddng thudn xd hdi rdng ldn". Hp cho ring ne'u "khdng biet khai thae thuan Igi vd song dd de di den nhung dot pha trong ddi mdi tu duy vi Dang thi Dang se tu danh mat thdi co va cd tdi vdi Hch sft". Luan cft ma hp dinh lay tu tudng Hd Chi Minh thay the' chu nghia Mac - Lenin la "trong tu tudng Ho CM Minh hdm chica nhung phdn tinh tdy nhdt cua hpc thuyet khoa hpc vd cdch mgng cua Mdc". O day hg nhap nhang "danh lan con den" gifta hpc thuyet Mac va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, ring tu tudng Hd Chi Minh da bao quat het ca tinh hoa nha't cua chu nghia LY LUAN CHiNH TRI 5-2010 65 Mac, thi ehi can lay tu tudng Ho Chi Minh lam nen tang tu tudng cua Dang la du, ha ta't phft gift lft hpc thuyet Mdc cd phdn ddng gdp cua Lenin lam gi? Hp an ui nhiing ai cdn nang long vdi chu nghia Mac - Lenin, ring dft chu nghia a'y da "mat tinh ta't ye'u, mat quyin tdn tai, mat tinh hgp ly" di nfta, vin se tim thay nhimg phan tinh tfty eua hgc thuyet Mac cdn sd'ng trong tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. ' Dang ta da timg khang dinh ring chft nghla Mac - Lenin la mdt trong nhirng ngudn gd'c quan trpng nha't sfti sinh ra tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, la cft cd't ldi nhat dem lft cho tu tudng a'y tinh each mang va tinh khoa hpc. Thing lpi cua each mang Viet Nam tft tmdc den nay diu xua't phft tmdc he't tft ngudn gd'c ly luan Mac - Lenin. Chinh tren y nghla iy, dft bat cft tinh hinh nao, khdng the la'y tu tudng Hd Chi Minh thay the' cho chft nghia Mac - Lenin, bdi vi chu nghia Mac - Lenin la mdt hgc thuyet cd he thdng, hpc thuyet "khung" bin virng, nang dpng, khdng ngftng dugc bo sung, phat trien. Ban than tu tudng Hd Chi Minh nim trong he tu tudng cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin, sang tao va phft trien tren co sd chu yeu nha't la chu nghia Mac - Lenin. Do dd, trong nen tang tu tudng efta Dftig ta, chft nghla Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh la mdt the thdng nhft, khdng dugc ddi lap va khdng the tach rdi chftng vdi nhau, vi lam nhu vay tftc la phft nhan mdi lien he ndi tft ca ve Idgich va lich sft cua chft nghla Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. Chinh tren y nghia ay, ye'u to lam nen tang tu tudng, kim ehi nam cho hftih ddng cua Dftig ta la bao gom ea chu nghla Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, chft khdng chi cd rieng mdt yeu td nao. La'y tu mdng Hd Chi Muih thay the chu nghla Mac - Lenin thuc chft la ha thip tu mdng Ho Chi Mmh. Ddi lap va tach rdi m tudng Hd Chi Muih ra khdi chft nghla Mac - Lenin thi khdng cdn W mdng Hd Chi Muih nfta. Neu chi cd dua vao truyen thdng van hda tdt dep cua dan tdc va nhimg tuih hoa tu tudng cua nhan loai ma gat bd chft nghla Mac - Lemn ra khdi ngudn gd'c san sinh ra nd, thi cd cdn la thuc chat tu tudng Hd Chi Minh hay khdng? Lay tu tudng Hd Chi Minh thay the' chu nghia Mac - Lenin se lam cho nin tang tu tudng eua Dang mft co sd tdn tai. That ra, day chi la su cdp nhat nhiing quan diem quen thude cua cac trao luu chd'ng chu nghla Mac - Lenin dugc day len ram rd sau su sup dd va tan ra cua Lien Xd va Ddng Au xa hdi chu nghia vao dau thap ky 90 cua the' ky trudc ma thdi. Cdn van de "tu minh danh mat thdi co" la thdi co nao va "cd tdi vdi ljch sft" la tdi gi? Phai chang Dang khdng chip nhan de nghi cua hp thi cd nghla la hp da danh mat thdi co "xda bd" chft nghia Mac - Lenin mdt each cdng khai va triet de? Hp mud'n tao ra "thdi co", nhung trong dat nudc Viet Nam nay hp lam gi cd kha nang va dieu kien tao dugc thdi CO dd. Ddi lap va tach rdi chu nghla Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh chinh la hg ed tdi vdi ljch sft khi cac the' he ngudi Viet Nam chftng ta mdt Idng mdt da trung thanh vd ban vdi he tu tudng dd. De cao tu tudng Hd Chi Minh de rdi xda bd ehu nghia Mac - Lenin cftng la cd tdi ldn ddi vdi ban than tu tudng Ho Chi Minh, bdi vi hp da danh mft quyen tdn tai cua nd vdi tu each mdt he tu tudng each mang va khoa hgc, danh mft nhftng phin tinh tuy nhft cua hgc thuyet Mac - Lenin trong tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. 66 LY LUAN CHiNH TR! 5-2010 . ly luan chft nghla Mac - L ^nin, tu tudng Ho Chi Minh. Khang djnh la'y chft nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh lam nin tang tu tudng, kim. TcrdNG n6 CH( MINH GS TRAN NHAM K e tft khi ra ddi, Dftig ta da khing dinh di theo ehu nghla Mac - Lenin, va sau nay bd sung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh thanh