ALL-IN-ONE Making Everything Easier! ™ $39.99 US / $47.99 CN / £27.99 UK ISBN 978-0-470-53755-8 Programming Languages/HTML Go to Dummies.com ® for videos, step-by-step examples, how-to articles, or to shop! Harris spine=2.16” HTML, XHTML, & CSS ALL-IN-ONE HTML, XHTML, & CSS • Creating the HTML/XHTML Foundation • Styling with CSS • Using Positional CSS • Client-Side Programming with JavaScript® • Server-Side Programming with PHP • Managing Data with MySQL® • Into the Future with AJAX • Moving from Pages to Sites Andy Harris Open the book and find: • The basics of building XHTML documents • What to do with selectors, classes, and styles • How to build flexible layouts • Tips on using HTML5 • Secrets of managing files and directories • All about SQL coding • AJAX essentials and how to add events with jQuery • The advantages of a Content Management System You too can become a Web wizard! Here’s how to go from simple pages to super sites Contemplating your first dip into Web page creation, or ready to take your sites to the next level? All you need are these eight minibooks. Newbies can start at the beginning for a complete understanding of basic page creation with HTML5, XHTML, and CSS. If you’ve been there and done that, jump ahead to managing data with MySQL, building AJAX connections, and more! • Lay the foundation — build the skeleton of your pages with XHTML, use CSS to add color and formatting, and create dynamic buttons or menus • Serve it up — m ove to the server and use PHP to program responses to Web requests or connect to databases • Manage data — s et up a secure data server and create a reliable and trustworthy data back-end for your site • Explore AJAX — learn the essentials of AJAX, how to add events and a nimation, and cool ways to use the UI library • Create super sites — u nderstand clients and servers, work with content management systems, and more Andy Harris taught himself programming because it was fun. Today he teaches computer science, game development, and Web programming at the university level; is a technology consultant for the state of Indiana; and has helped people with disabilities to form their own Web development companies. 8 IN 1 BOOKS BOOKS Valuable bonus programs on CD-ROM Bonus CD Includes Firefox browser plus valuable extensions and plugins Aptana programmer’s editor that simplifies the process XAMPP, an easy-to-install server package Visit the companion Web site at www.dummies.com/ go/htmlxhtmlandcssaiofd2e for code and other supporting materials Valuable bonus tools on CD-ROM! Covers HTML5 and prior versions of HTML! 2nd Edition 2nd Edition www.it-ebooks.info Mobile Apps There’s a Dummies App for This and That With more than 200 million books in print and over 1,600 unique titles, Dummies is a global leader in how-to information. Now you can get the same great Dummies information in an App. With topics such as Wine, Spanish, Digital Photography, Certification, and more, you’ll have instant access to the topics you need to know in a format you can trust. To get information on all our Dummies apps, visit the following: www.Dummies.com/go/mobile from your computer. www.Dummies.com/go/iphone/apps from your phone. Start with FREE Cheat Sheets Cheat Sheets include • Checklists • Charts • Common Instructions • And Other Good Stuff! Get Smart at Dummies.com Dummies.com makes your life easier with 1,000s of answers on everything from removing wallpaper to using the latest version of Windows. Check out our • Videos • Illustrated Articles • Step-by-Step Instructions Plus, each month you can win valuable prizes by entering our Dummies.com sweepstakes. * Want a weekly dose of Dummies? 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Get More and Do More at Dummies.com ® To access the Cheat Sheet created specifically for this book, go to www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/htmlxhtmlandcss spine=2.16” www.it-ebooks.info HTML, XHTML, & CSS ALL-IN-ONE FOR DUMmIES ‰ 2ND EDITION 01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd i01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd i 10/7/10 8:24 PM10/7/10 8:24 PM www.it-ebooks.info 01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd ii01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd ii 10/7/10 8:24 PM10/7/10 8:24 PM www.it-ebooks.info by Andy Harris HTML, XHTML, & CSS ALL-IN-ONE FOR DUMmIES ‰ 2ND EDITION 01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd iii01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd iii 10/7/10 8:24 PM10/7/10 8:24 PM www.it-ebooks.info HTML, XHTML, & CSS All-in-One For Dummies ® , 2nd Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2011 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permit- ted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permission Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http:// www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its af liates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITH- OUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZA- TION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937814 ISBN: 978-0-470-53755-8 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd iv01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd iv 10/7/10 8:24 PM10/7/10 8:24 PM Disclaimer: This eBook does not include ancillary media that was packaged with the printed version of the book. www.it-ebooks.info About the Author Andy Harris began his teaching life as a special education teacher. As he was teaching young adults with severe disabilities, he taught himself enough com- puter programming to support his teaching habit with freelance program- ming. Those were the exciting days when computers started to have hard drives, and some computers began communicating with each other over an arcane mechanism some were calling the Internet. All this time Andy was teaching computer science part time. He joined the faculty of the Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Computer Science department in 1995. He serves as a Senior Lecturer, teaching the introductory courses to freshmen as well as numerous courses on Web development, general programming, and game programming. As manager of the Streaming Media Laboratory, he developed a number of online video- based courses, and worked on a number of international distance education projects including helping to start a computer science program in Tetevo, Macedonia FYR. Andy is the author of several other computing books including JavaScript For Dummies, Flash Game Programming For Dummies, and Game Programming: the L Line. He invites your comments and questions at andy@aharris books.net. You can visit his main site and  nd a blog, forum, and links to other books at http://www.aharrisbooks.net. 01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd v01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd v 10/7/10 8:24 PM10/7/10 8:24 PM www.it-ebooks.info 01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd vi01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd vi 10/7/10 8:24 PM10/7/10 8:24 PM www.it-ebooks.info Dedication I dedicate this book to Jesus Christ, my personal savior, and to Heather, the joy in my life. I also dedicate this project to Elizabeth, Matthew, Jacob, and Benjamin. I love each of you. Author’s Acknowledgments Thank you  rst to Heather. Even though I type all the words, this book is a real partnership, like the rest of our life. Thanks for being my best friend and companion. Thanks also for doing all the work it takes for us to sustain a family when I’m in writing mode. Thank you to Mark Enochs. It’s great to have an editor who gets me, and who’s willing to get excited about a project. I really enjoy working with you. Thanks very much to Katie Feltman. It’s fun to see how far a few wacky ideas have gone. Thanks for continuing to believe in me, and for helping me to always  nd an interesting new project. Thank you to the copy editors:  rst and foremost, I thank Brian Walls for his all his hard work in making this edition presentable. Thanks also go to Teresa Artman, John Edwards, and Melba Hopper for their help. I appreciate your efforts to make my geeky mush turn into something readable. Thanks for improving my writing. A special thanks to Jeff Noble for his technical editing. I appreciate your vigi- lance. You have helped to make this book as technically accurate as possible. Thank you to the many people at Wiley who contribute to a project like this. The author only gets to meet a few people, but so many more are involved in the process. Thank you very much for all you’ve done to help make this project a reality. Thanks to Chris McCulloh for all you did on the  rst edition, and I thank you for your continued friendship. A big thank you to the open source community which has created so many incredible tools and made them available to all. I’d especially like to thank the creators of Firefox, Firebug, Aptana, HTML Validator, the Web Developer tool- bar, Ubuntu and the Linux community, Notepad++, PHP, Apache, jQuery, and the various jQuery plugins. This is an amazing and generous community effort. I’d  nally like to thank the IUPUI computer science family for years of support on various projects. Thank you especially to all my students, current and past. I’ve learned far more from you than the small amount I’ve taught. Thank you for letting me be a part of your education. 01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd vii01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd vii 10/7/10 8:24 PM10/7/10 8:24 PM www.it-ebooks.info Publisher’s Acknowledgments We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our online registration form located at http://dummies.custhelp.com. For other comments, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions, Editorial, and Media Development Senior Project Editor: Mark Enochs Senior Acquisitions Editor: Katie Feltman Copy Editors: Brian Walls, Teresa Artman, John Edwards, Melba Hopper Technical Editor: Jeff Noble Editorial Manager: Leah Cameron Media Development Project Manager: Laura Moss-Hollister Media Development Assistant Project Manager: Jenny Swisher Media Development Assistant Producer: Shawn Patrick Editorial Assistant: Amanda Graham Sr. Editorial Assistant: Cherie Case Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com) Composition Services Project Coordinators: Katherine Crocker, Lynsey Stanford Layout and Graphics: Carl Byers, Timothy C. Detrick Proofreaders: Lauren Mandelbaum, Christine Sabooni Indexer: BIM Indexing & Proofreading Services Special Help: Tonya Cupp, Colleen Totz Diamond Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher Mary Bednarek, Executive Acquisitions Director Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director Publishing for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher Composition Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services 01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd viii01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd viii 10/7/10 8:24 PM10/7/10 8:24 PM www.it-ebooks.info [...]... We Just Stick with XHTML? 141 Using the HTML 5 doctype 142 Browser support for HTML 5 142 Validating HTML 5 142 www.it-ebooks.info 02_9780470537558-ftoc.indd xiii 10/7/10 8:26 PM xiv HTML, XHTML, & CSS All-in-One For Dummies, 2nd Edition Semantic Elements 142 Using New Form Elements 144 Using Embedded Fonts 147 Audio and Video Tags ... gradients with repeat-x and repeat-y 235 Using Images in Lists 237 www.it-ebooks.info 02_9780470537558-ftoc.indd xv 10/7/10 8:26 PM xvi HTML, XHTML, & CSS All-in-One For Dummies, 2nd Edition Chapter 5: Levels of CSS 239 Managing Levels of Style 239 Using local styles 239 Using an external style sheet 242 Understanding the Cascading... Understanding link tables 723 Using link tables to make many-to-many joins 724 www.it-ebooks.info 02_9780470537558-ftoc.indd xxv 10/7/10 8:26 PM xxvi HTML, XHTML, & CSS All-in-One For Dummies, 2nd Edition Book VII: Into the Future with AJAX 729 Chapter 1: AJAX Essentials 731 AJAX Spelled Out 733 A is for asynchronous 733 J is for JavaScript... 490 Movement and swapping 492 Building the code 494 Defining global variables 495 Initializing your data 496 Preloading the images 496 Animating and updating the image 497 Moving the sprite 497 www.it-ebooks.info 02_9780470537558-ftoc.indd xxi 10/7/10 8:26 PM xxii HTML, XHTML, & CSS All-in-One For Dummies, 2nd Edition Book V: Server-Side... www.it-ebooks.info 02_9780470537558-ftoc.indd xxxi 10/7/10 8:26 PM xxxii HTML, XHTML, & CSS All-in-One For Dummies, 2nd Edition www.it-ebooks.info 02_9780470537558-ftoc.indd xxxii 10/7/10 8:26 PM Introduction I love the Internet, and if you picked up this book, you probably do, too The Internet is dynamic, chaotic, exciting, interesting, and useful, all at the same time The Web is pretty fun from a user’s... you need If you’re reasonably comfortable with a computer (you can navigate the Web and use a word processor), you have all the skills you need Great for Advanced Folks, Too! If you’ve been around Web development for a while, you’ll still find this book handy If you’ve used HTML but not XHTML, see how things have changed and discover the powerful combination of XHTML and CSS If you’re still using table-based... thinking After you get over the difference, you’ll be amazed at the power, the flexibility, and the simplicity of CSS- based layout and design If you’re already comfortable with XHTML and CSS, you’re ready to add JavaScript functionality for form validation and animation If you’ve never used a programming language before, JavaScript is a really great place to start If you’re starting to get serious about... Connecting to a MySQL Database 613 Retrieving Data from a Database 613 Understanding data connections 616 Building a connection 617 www.it-ebooks.info 02_9780470537558-ftoc.indd xxiii 10/7/10 8:26 PM xxiv HTML, XHTML, & CSS All-in-One For Dummies, 2nd Edition Passing a query to the database 618 Processing the results 619 Extracting the rows... variable scope 402 Building a Basic Array 405 Accessing array data 405 Using arrays with for loops 406 Revisiting the ants song 407 www.it-ebooks.info 02_9780470537558-ftoc.indd xix 10/7/10 8:26 PM xx HTML, XHTML, & CSS All-in-One For Dummies, 2nd Edition Working with Two-Dimension Arrays 409 Setting up the arrays 410 Getting a city ... functionality 934 www.it-ebooks.info 02_9780470537558-ftoc.indd xxix 10/7/10 8:26 PM xxx HTML, XHTML, & CSS All-in-One For Dummies, 2nd Edition Building Custom Themes 935 Starting with a prebuilt template 935 Changing the info.php file 937 Modifying index.php 938 Modifying the CSS files 939 Packaging your template 940 Chapter 4: Editing Graphics . shop! Harris spine=2.16” HTML, XHTML, & CSS ALL-IN-ONE HTML, XHTML, & CSS • Creating the HTML /XHTML Foundation • Styling with CSS • Using Positional CSS • Client-Side. www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/htmlxhtmlandcss spine=2.16” www.it-ebooks.info HTML, XHTML, & CSS ALL-IN-ONE FOR DUMmIES ‰ 2ND EDITION 01_9780470537558-ffirs.indd