v Contents Page List of Tables ix List of Figures xii List of Maps xii List of Contributors xiii Preface and Acknowledgement xxi Acronyms xxiii Chapter 1 Empowerment and Transformation in South Africa 1 Meshack M. Khosa Chapter 2 South Africa and Globalisation 21 Oumar Bouare Chapter 3 Globalisation, Economic Crisis and South African Vulnerabilities 75 Patrick Bond Chapter 4 Post-Apartheid South Africa: An Overview of International Economic Relations (1994-1999) 107 Logan Rangasamy Chapter 5 Interest Group Participation and Democratisation: The Role of the National Economic Development and Labour Council 137 Gregory F. Houston Free download from www.hsrc p ress.ac.za Empowerment through Economic Transformation vi Chapter 6 Towards an Institutional Framework for Managing Agricultural Export Trade Promotion 175 Meshack M. Khosa Chapter 7 First Employment Experiences of Graduates 213 Percy Moleke Chapter 8 Poverty Alleviation, Employment Creation and Sustainable Livelihoods in South Africa 229 Asghar Adelzadeh, Cynthia Alvillar and Charles Mather Chapter 9 Tracking South Africa’s Spatial Development Initiatives 249 Christian M. Rogerson Chapter 10 Towards a Framework for Rural SMME Development in South Africa 271 Christian M. Rogerson Chapter 11 The Politics of Water Management: The Case of the Orange River Development Project 299 Tony Emmett and Gerard Hagg Chapter 12 Drought and Floods in Post-Apartheid South Africa 329 Patrick Bond and Greg Ruiters Chapter 13 Public Appraisal of Social and Economic Infrastructure Delivery 377 Meshack M. Khosa Free download from www.hsrc p ress.ac.za Contents vii Chapter 14 Public-Private Partnerships, Public Infrastructure Investment and Prospects for Economic Growth in South Africa 409 Tjiamogale Eric Manchidi and Andrew Merrifield Chapter 15 Rethinking Gender, Empowerment and Development 423 Miranda Miles Chapter 16 The Empowerment Challenge: Not Yet Uhuru? 441 Meshack M. Khosa Index 449 Free download from www.hsrc p ress.ac.za Empowerment through Economic Transformation viii Free download from www.hsrc p ress.ac.za ix List of Tables 4.1 SA trade ranked according to total trade, exports and imports (1998) 111 4.2 SA trade ranked according to trade blocks 114 4.3 South Africa’s trade with the EU and the SADC Rm 115 4.4 SA exports to the EU and SADC 117 4.5 Investment flows into SA (1994-1999) 124 4.6 Sector profile of foreign investment (1994—end of June 1999) 125 7.1 Immediate employment by population group and field of study 216 7.2 Duration of unemployment before finding a job for those who did not secure immediate employment 217 7.3 Employer sector 218 7.4 Extent to which degree helped to secure employment 220 7.5 Value of degree to present employment 221 7.6 Perceived applicability of educational level for first job 222 7.7 Extent to which first job corresponded with occupational expectations held while studying 225 13.1 “There is a lot of talk about what the government’s priorities should be for the next 10 years. Which impor- tant priority would you consider the most important?” 378 13.2 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say the delivery of the following services has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” 381 Free download from www.hsrc p ress.ac.za Empowerment through Economic Transformation x 13.3 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say the delivery of [running water] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Total population) 383 13.4 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say the delivery of [running water] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 384 13.5 Comparing perceptions of improvement in the provision of running water, by province 386 13.6 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say the delivery of [electricity] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Total population) 387 13.7 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say the delivery of [electricity] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 388 13.8 Comparing perceptions of improvement in the provision of electricity by province in December 1998 and November 1999 389 13.9 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say the delivery of [affordable housing] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Total popultion) 390 13.10 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say the delivery of [affordable housing] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 391 13.11 Perceptions of improvement in affordable housing, by province 392 13.12 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say the delivery of [health care] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” 393 13.13 Perceptions of health care by population group 394 Free download from www.hsrc p ress.ac.za List of Tables xi 13.14 Comparing perceptions of health care improvement in December 1998 and November 1999, by province 395 13.15 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say [tarred roads and street drainage] have changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Total population) 396 13.16 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say [tarred roads and street drainage] have changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 397 13.17 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say [water-borne sewage disposal] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Total population) 397 13.18 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say [water-borne sewage disposal] had changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 398 13.19 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say the delivery of [public transport] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Total population) 399 13.20 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say the delivery of [public transport] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 400 13.21 Comparing perceptions of improvement in the provision of public transport, by province 400 13.22 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say [waste removal] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Total population) 401 13.23 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say [waste removal] has changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 402 13.24 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say [police services] have changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Total population) 402 Free download from www.hsrc p ress.ac.za Empowerment through Economic Transformation xii 13.25 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say [police services] have changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 403 13.26 Comparing perceptions of improvement in th e delivery of local police services, by province 404 13.27 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say [education services] have changed in the area where you live, if at all?” (November 1999) 405 14.1 SA infrastructure backlog 411 14.2 Common types of infrastructure PPPs 415 14.3 Alternative structures of BOT-type projects 415 List of Figures 7.1 Sources of career guidance 223 7.2 Satisfaction with source of career guidance 224 14.1 Public sector borrowing requirements (% of GDP) 412 14.2 Modes of PPPs and levels of private sector involvement 416 List of Maps Chapter 9 Location of Spatial Development Initiatives 250 Chapter 10 Location of rural SMME case studies 281 Free download from www.hsrc p ress.ac.za Towards a Framework for Rural SMME … 281 Free download from www.hsrc p ress.ac.za Empowerment through Economic Transformation 250 Africa’s internationally competitive industries” (Department of Trade and Industry, n.d.). As a result of the importance attached to the SDI programme and to the high profile of its activities in contemporary South Africa, it is not surprising that SDIs have spawned a host of recent writings. The existing literature on SDIs includes works that focus on generic issues (Elliffe & Manning, 1996; Free download from www.hsrc p ress.ac.za [...]... This book, Empowerment Through Economic Transformation, is the third in a series of volumes that arose as part of a research programme to understand the state of transformation in South Africa The first two volumes, Infrastructure Mandates for Change and Empowerment Through Service Delivery, which were published in 2000, received a critical recep tion and review Empowerment Through Economic Transformation. .. un dergoing transformation; possibilities and limits of deepening democratic governance; and questions of economic justice within the context of processes that exclude the poor from opportunities 2 Empowerment and Transformation in South Africa Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Empowerment Empowerment has come to mean different things to different people According to Pranab Bardhan, economics professor... Political empowerment is about access of individuals and household members to the process by which decisions, particularly those affecting their own future, are made Friedmann (1996) does not see political empowerment as the power to vote only, but also the power of voice and of collective action 3 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Empowerment through Economic Transformation Psychological empowerment. .. on issues o f local economic development, small enterprise development and urban and regional change He is the author of over 180 published articles on aspects of economic development in Southern Africa, including two co -edited volumes, South Africa’s informal economy and Geography in a changing South Africa xix Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Empowerment through Economic Transformation Greg... www.hsrcpress.ac.za Empowerment through Economic Transformation Patrick Bond is associate professor of economic policy at the University of the Witwatersrand Graduate School of Public and Development Management, which he joined in 1997, and is also volunteer research associate of Alternative Information and Development Centre (AIDC) He has also worked at the National Institute for Economic Policy, taught... theorising about empowerment This requires an understanding of globalisation, 5 Empowerment through Economic Transformation Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za increasing inequality, increasing debt, structural adjustment programmes and processes of democratisation Theorising transition A large body of literature theorises about the nature, direction and consequences of political and economic transitions... industrial transformation, and in Brazil and India the state is in between, sometimes helping, sometimes hindering (Evans, 1995) The adoption of the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy as a macro -economic framework for South Africa in June 1996 is seen as marking an important shift to neo -liberalism This 9 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Empowerment through Economic Transformation. .. takes a critical look at empowerment to provide a window through which the contradiction between structural inequality and democracy can be unpacked This (the first) chapter constitutes four sections Drawi ng from a large body of literature on empowerment, the first section critically assesses the concept empowerment The argument is that the dominant theoretical interpretations of empowerment impose limits... from www.hsrcpress.ac.za List of Contributors Asghar Adelzadeh is currently a research director at the National Institute for Economic Policy (NIEP), Johannesburg, where he specialises in macro -economic theory and policy, macro -economic modelling, inter national economics, economic development, and international trade law Adelzadeh obtained a B.A from the New School for Social Research He also studied... private investment in public infra structure xvii Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Empowerment through Economic Transformation Charles Mather is a lecturer in the Geography Department at the University of the Witwatersrand He completed a Ph.D in geography at Queens University, Canada, on aspects of agrarian transformation in rural South Africa during apartheid Since then his research has focused . - tion and review. Empowerment Through Economic Transformation explores in detail the theoretical concepts around empowerment and transformation. While. download from www.hsrc p ress.ac.za Empowerment through Economic Transformation xiv Patrick Bond is associate professor of economic policy at the University