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Public Attitudes in
Contemporary South Africa
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© 2002 Human Sciences Research Council
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ISBN: 0-7969-1994-1
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Contents
Contributors ix
Preface xi
Introduction: Public opinion and the prospects for democratic
consolidation in South Africa 1999–2001 1
1 Politics, governance and civic knowledge 12
Satisfaction with the government 13
Race 16
Living standard measurements (LSMs) 19
Institutional trust 20
Race and living standard measurements 23
Civic knowledge 25
Conclusion 26
References 27
2 Political party preferences 28
Introduction 28
Intended votes 29
References 33
3 Provincial living preferences in South Africa 34
Provincial place preference: A general picture 36
Geographical preference and demographic characteristics 37
Race 37
Age 40
Language 40
Income 41
Educational qualification 41
Current employment and occupation status 41
Relationships between social well-being and preference for province 41
Migration tendencies 43
Conclusion 45
References 46
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4 Identity and voting trends in South Africa 47
Identity, instrumentality and voting in ‘white’South Africa 49
The racial census approach 53
Self-identity and voting preferences 55
Conclusion 59
References 60
5 Race relations 63
Analysis of the survey 64
Factors influencing racial discrimination and racism in South Africa 70
Conclusion 72
References 72
6 Addressing HIV/AIDS 73
Results 75
Sense of concern 75
Level of knowledge 75
Perceived risk 76
Reported sexual behaviour and condom use 76
‘Helpless, hopeless and meaningless’outlook on life 79
‘Helpless, hopeless and meaningless’stance towards HIV/AIDS protection 80
Discussion 81
Chi-Squared Test Results 81
Concern, knowledge and perceived risk are high 82
Sexual behaviour and condom use 83
Significant protection constraints: Lack of hope 84
The way forward 85
References 86
7 Spirituality in South Africa: Christian beliefs 87
Introduction 87
Attendance at religious meetings 87
Public opinion and church attendance 89
Views about Christian principles 90
1. Prayer 91
2. Extra-marital sex 91
3. Jesus as the solution 91
iv
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4. Life after death 92
5. Spiritual re-births 92
Christian belief 92
Conclusion 96
References 96
8 Perceptions about economic issues 97
Perceptions about economic conditions in South Africa 97
Effects of government policies on the general economic situation
in the country 99
Conclusion 101
9 National priorities 102
Previous surveys on national priorities 102
In regard to job creation, the results by province appear in Figure 9.2 103
Comparison by population group 104
Comparison by income group 105
Comparison by area type 105
Comparison by highest education qualification 107
Comparison by employment status 107
Comparison by age category 107
Comparison of how government could best reduce crime by province 108
Comparison by area type 108
Comparison by population group 110
Comparison by personal monthly income 110
Comparisons by employment status, age and highest
educational qualification 111
1
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Environmental concerns 113
Major environmental issues at a national level 113
Major environmental issues at a local level 116
Socio-economic profile of people identifying environmental issues
at a local level 118
Access to water 118
Clean air – prevention of air pollution 119
Access to land 120
Protection of indigenous plants/vegetation 120
v
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vi
Conclusion 122
References 123
11 Civil society participation 124
Membership to civil society organisations in the 2001 survey 125
Distribution of membership of civil society organisations 126
Conclusion 128
12 Information and communications technologies 129
Access to information and communications technologies 130
Access to communications technologies considering other factors 130
Radio station preferences and time spent 133
Conclusion 135
13 Families and social networks 136
Size of social networks 137
Immediate family members 137
Extended family members 138
Workplace friendships 139
Community friendships 140
Other friendships 141
Total number of friends 142
Frequency of contact 142
Frequency of contact with favourite sibling 142
Frequency of contact with child over the age of 18 years 143
Frequency of contact with parents 144
Frequency of contact with closest friend 145
Summary 146
Type of community 146
Gender 147
Race 147
Age 148
Composite social capital score 149
Conclusion 150
References 151
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14 Human rights 152
Knowledge of human rights institutions 153
Gender 155
Race 155
Standard of living 156
Belief in human rights 159
Conclusion 163
References 164
Appendix 165
Introduction 165
The first SAARF Living Standards Measure (LSM) 165
1993 SAARF LSMs 166
Later developments of the LSM concept 167
1995 SAARF LSMs 167
2000 SAARF LSMs 168
The SAARF UNIVERSAL LSM 169
SAARF LSM 170
vii
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ix
Contributors
Abigail Baim-Lance is an intern at the Fogarty HIV/Aids Research Training Programme
at the Nelson Mandela School of Medicine.
John Daniel is head of the Publications Department and a research director in the
Democracy and Governance programme of the Human Sciences Research Council.
Christian De Vos is an intern with the Democracy and Governance programme at the
Human Sciences Research Council in Durban.
Ronnie Donaldson is a senior lecturer in the Department of Geographical Science at
Vista University in Silverton.
Arlene Grossberg is a senior researcher in the Democracy and Governance programme
of the Human Sciences Research Council.
Adam Habib is a part-time research director at the Human Sciences Research Council,
Professor in the School of Development Studies and Director of the Centre for Civil
Society, University of Natal, Durban.
Craig Higson-Smith is a senior research specialist in the Child, Youth and Family
Development research programme of the Human Sciences Research Council.
Mbithi wa Kivilu is a chief research specialist in the Surveys, Analyses, Modelling and
Mapping research programme of the Human Sciences Research Council.
Godswill Zakhele Langais a researcher in the Surveys, Analyses,Modelling and Mapping
research programme of the Human Sciences Research Council.
Maano Ramutsindela is a lecturer in the Department of Environmental and
Geographical Science at the University of Cape Town.
Stephen Rule is director of research with the South African Ministry of Social
Development.
Craig Schwabe is head of the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Centre in the
Human Sciences Research Council.
Jarè Struwig is a chief researcher in the Social Analyses, Modelling and Mapping research
programme of the Human Sciences Research Council.
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[...]... province, and the country as a whole was being governed A six-point scale was used to measure satisfaction levels Table 1.1 summarises some of this data by combining the ‘very satisfied/satisfied’ and ‘very dissatisfied/dissatisfied respondents’ into two principal categories Table 1.1 Level of satisfaction with governance in SA by province Governance Satisfaction level EC FS GT KZN MP NC NP NW WC RSA... degrees of trust in a variety of civil institutions, including the national government and the court system Again, a six-point scale of trust was used As with the satisfaction index, Table 1.8 summarises some of this data by combining the ‘strongly trust/trust’ and ‘strongly distrust/distrust’ respondents into two principal categories Table 1.8 Level of institutional trust in SA by province Governance... declining trust with increasing levels of incomes again applies, though not in regard to the media, churches, or business Extrapolating from Table 1.9b, an average of 39% of LSMs 6–8 respondents indicated distrust in the national government, while only 22% in LSMs 1–3 indicated the same degree of distrust While a respondent’s level of education almost certainly contributes to this phenomenon, it is interesting... www.hsrcpress.ac.za Public opinion and attitudes often remain the yardstick against which interventions are made The collection which follows, in synthesising and analysing the results and findings of some key policy areas that have been investigated, will provide all stakeholders in South Africa with a set of factual information and derivative analytic insights Such a representation allows for informed choices... levels of publicity accorded to crime – in the cities of Johannesburg and Cape Town, and the fact that the Free State has since the early 1990s experienced a high level of farm violence in the form of the killings of numerous white farm owners and/or family members Table 1.2 Violence statistics in SA by province Violent crime has increased since 1994 – province cross-tabulation % within province Province... the 3 PUBLIC ATTITUDES IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTH AFRICA Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za respondents Only 11% of respondents conceived of themselves in racial terms, and a further 15% through a linguistic lens This data then leads Ramutsindela to conclude, ‘the racial census approach neither provides insights into questions of voting behaviour in a new political environment nor illuminates continuities... governance in SA by race Satisfaction level Africans Coloureds Indians Whites Local area governance Dissatisfied 47,3 33,9 29,5 45,8 Satisfied 34,3 38,1 41,4 32,9 Provincial governance Dissatisfied 40,1 37,9 39,3 45,0 Satisfied 37,3 35,7 31,7 27,3 National governance Dissatisfied 38,0 44,2 57,3 68,3 Satisfied 43,0 31,0 17,8 13,0 Governance Locally, 32,9% of whites was ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’... celebrated as social capital in his pioneering work entitled 8 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Introduction: Public opinion and the prospects for democratic consolidation in SA Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy Social capital, the set of organisations, networks, norms and values that build trust and facilitate interactions within communities, is crucial since it constitutes the... It was divided into different topics and the duration of interviews of respondents was between 60 and 90 minutes A sample of 2 704 respondents was selected throughout South Africa in clusters of eight households situated in 338 primary sampling units (PSUs)/enumerator areas (EAs) as determined from the 1996 census In order to ensure adequate representation in the sample from each province and from each... rate of disapproval, which is perhaps indicative of their status as opposition provinces In connection with questions of government performance, dissatisfaction was particularly underscored by the question of crime in South Africa, with 75,3% of respondents answering that they felt ‘violent crime’ had increased since 1994 As the following figures demonstrate, this sentiment was strongest in provinces like . often remain the yardstick against which
interventions are made. The collection which follows, in synthesising and
analysing the results and findings of. be undertaken here.
Readers interested in such an analysis within a particular issue area should refer
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PUBLIC ATTITUDES IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTH AFRICA
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