EFFECTS OF CORRONA VIRUS ON THE WORLD COMMUNITY (A Case Study of China Wuhan and Hubei Provinces) Dr.Naushad Khan Email:- drkhan@aup.edu.pk Institute of Development Studies, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Mahnoor Naushad Student of Agriculture University Peshawar ABSTRACT The study was carried out since Feb, 2020 The major objective was that to examine the effect of corona virus on the world community Total fourteen articles were downloaded from the net and read 10 to 20 times in depth and analyzed the situation and draw the conclusion The result indicates that corona virus problem was raised in late December 2019 in Wuhan and Hubei provinces in China The hub of the center was Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market and the source of the virus was bat soup A team at the Wuhan Institute of Virology led by virologist Zheng-Li Shi isolated the virus from a 49-year-old woman, who developed symptoms on 23 December 2019 before becoming critically ill Doctor, Li Wenliang on 31 December told that an unknown virus has been developed in the province of Wuhan and Hubei provinces as like SARS and MERS The symptoms were found fever, throat sore and sneezing by woman in the hospital The Doctor Li has shared the knowledge on E-Chat while police department has declared the rumors against the country and told to Dr.Li to delete the said statement from the E-Chat and keep the data in secrecy while latter on 20, January, 2020 it was announced by government media that Corona Virus has killed many people in the provinces of Wuhan and Hubei Due to late coverage in the mean time the virus was spread to the whole world which has damaged majority people in their area and emergency was announced by China and world Health Organization They have sealed majority airports and visas were cancelled by different countries in the world Globally 4594 cases of the corona Virus was confirmed China total confirmed cases number was 4537 while 6973 were suspected and 976 were found severe and 106 deaths were recorded Similarly outside of China 57 cases were confirmed and 16 countries were declared affected According to data Japan affected number was 6, Republic of Korea 4, Viet Nam ,Singapore Australia 5, Malaysia 4, Cambodia 1, Thailand 14, Nepal 1, Sri Lanka 1, United States of America ,Canada 2, France 3, Germany and Pakistan World Health Organization has tried best for its controlling and the Director General did meeting with the President Xi Jiping for overcoming this problems in the emergency in china World Pathologists’ were informed for Vaccine preparation Similarly world economy This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 has been damaged and the economy of the China was highly affected by this virus and the new year program was halted on the spot The China has struggled best and its program was highly appreciated for this virus controlling The review further shows that the people of the China are very patriotic and they made hospital in day night for treatment of the affected people by virus The review further explains that through sneezing and human contact the virus were spread to whole community of the world So for protection purpose Wuhan and Hubei provinces were sealed for further spreading this virus Masks were prepared in for protection of community On the basis of problems the following recommendations were suggested for its controlling in future Mostly Halal food should be provided to China community in future World wise Quarantines should be developed by each country for different germs protection.; Good hospital and quality Doctors should be produced by each country; Give freedom to media for awareness of community to take action in time to protect the world from the epidemic disease; Safety net should be provided by WHO in the developing countries in time More funds should be provided to health department in the world Similarly research fund should be increased in all hospital of the world for conducting research on the medical background Testing laboratories and food inspectors should be multiplied for protection of different diseases in the world Key Words:- Effects, Corona Virus, , World, Community INTRODUCTION Virus is the micro organism and with the help of microscope it is seen It has many types in the world but now a day Corona Virus has ruined the economy of the China Majority people are died by this virus All airports of the world have been sealed and the business in China has been stop from December 2019 Corona Virus has killed many people in the Province of Wuhan and Hubei and in different countries of the world Health emergency was declared by WHO The world microbiologist are busy for Corona Virus Vaccine for protection of this disease Million students are studying in the University of Wuhan and other University of China All tried to come out of China while they have spread this disease to world community So this alarming situation has disturbed the whole world Daurat(January 31, 2020) reported that China has absorbed most of the economic shock from the corona virus known as 2019-nCoV, which has killed more than 210 within its borders and infected over 9,950 globally Wuhan, the city with 11 million residents where the virus came to light, remains closed off from the world Under a government-mandated extension of the Lunar New Year holiday, provinces generating at least two-thirds of economic output will be shuttered through next week, including Shanghai and key eastern manufacturing hubs All the while, the virus’s toll continues to rise and with it the worry China’s essential role in the global supply chain means business owners and executives around the world are being forced to contemplate what will happen in a prolonged This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 crisis.“Everyone is waiting to see how this evolves,” said Miguel Patricio, the chief executive officer of Kraft Heinz Co The food giant has a couple thousand employees in China, including a small sales team in Wuhan “The danger, of course, is that if this continues and people have to stay home, then problems in terms of distribution, production will be started.” An interconnected global economy is feeling the strain of China’s viral outbreak and the potential $160 billion hit in lost growth that may be on the way Already SARS in 2003 has also disturb the economy of the China Seeing to its importance the present study was arranged to fully know the situation which is going on in China and other part of the world and to see the effects of corona virus on the world community METHODS AND MATERIALS The study was carried out since Feb,2020 and the major objective was that to examine the effect of the Corona Virus on the world community The main target in this study was the Wuhan and the Hubei province of China Total 14 articles were downloaded from the net and read 10 to 20 times in depth and analyzed the situation which is presently going in China REVIEW OF CORRONA VIRUS EFFECT ON THE WORLD COMMUNITY A On 15 January 2020, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan (MHLW) reported an imported case of laboratory-confirmed 2019-novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China The case-patient is male, between the age of 30-39 years, living in Japan The casepatient travelled to Wuhan, China in late December and developed fever on January 2020 while staying in Wuhan He did not visit the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market or any other live animal markets in Wuhan He has indicated that he was in close contact with a person with pneumonia On January, he traveled back to Japan and tested negative for influenza when he visited a local clinic on the same day On 10 January 2020, due to his continued symptoms of cough, sore throat and fever, he visited a local hospital and was found to have abnormal chest x-ray with infiltrates He was admitted to the hospital on the same day and had remained febrile until 14 January On 14 January, his attending doctor notified the case to a local public health authority under the surveillance system for “Unidentified Serious Infectious Illness” Samples were collected and sent to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), and at NIID, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and sequencing was performed twice, which identified very small amount of 2019-nCoV RNA on 15 January 2020 On 15 January, the case-patient was a febrile and was discharged from hospital Currently, he is staying at home in a stable condition Contact tracing and other epidemiological investigations are underway by the local health authorities in Japan; The Japanese Government has scaled up a whole- This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 of-government coordination mechanism on the 16 January; The MHLW has strengthened surveillance for undiagnosed severe acute respiratory illnesses since the report of undiagnosed pneumonia in Wuhan, China; From January, MHLW requested local health governments to be aware of the respiratory illnesses in Wuhan by using the existing surveillance system for serious infectious illness with unknown etiology; NIID is supporting local authorities on epidemiologic investigations including contact tracing; Quarantine and screening measures have been enhanced for travelers from Wuhan city at the point of entries since January; NIID established an in-house PCR assay for in Corona Virus on 16 January; Revision of the risk assessment by NIID is being conducted, including case definition of close contacts; The public risk communication has been enhanced; A hotline has been established among the different ministries in the government; The MHLW is working closely with WHO and other related Member States to foster mutual investigations and information sharing This was the second of three exported cases of novel corona virus from Wuhan city, China Since the initial report of cases in Wuhan city on 31 December 2019, and as of 12 January 2020, 41 laboratory-confirmed cases of in Corona Virus infection, including deaths in cases with underlying medical conditions have been reported to WHO Two cases have been reported from Thailand The source of the outbreak is still under investigation in Wuhan Preliminary investigations have identified environmental samples positive for in Corona Virus in Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan City, however some laboratory-confirmed patients did not report visiting this market To date, there is no reported infection among healthcare workers in China, Thailand or Japan No additional cases have been reported since January in China Additional investigations are needed to determine how the patients were infected, whether human-tohuman transmission has been observed, mode(s) of transmission, the clinical spectrum of disease, and the extent of infection, including presence of subclinical cases that are undetected with current surveillance It is critical to review all available information to fully understand the extent of transmissibility between people and likelihood of zoonotic spillover Although the source of the novel corona virus causing this cluster of pneumonia and the mode(s) of transmission are unknown, it would be prudent to remind populations and health workers of the basic principles to reduce the general risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections: Avoiding close contact with people suffering from acute respiratory infections; Frequent hand-washing, especially after direct contact with ill people or their environment; Avoiding unprotected contact with farm or wild animals; People with symptoms of acute respiratory infection should practice cough etiquette (maintain distance, cover coughs and sneezes with disposable tissues or clothing, and wash hands); Within healthcare facilities, enhance standard infection prevention and control practices in hospitals, especially in This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 emergency departments; WHO does not recommend any specific health measures for travelers In case of symptoms suggestive of respiratory illness either during or after travel, the travelers are encouraged to seek medical attention and share their travel history with their health care provider Travel guidance has been updated Health authorities should work with travel, transport and tourism sectors to provide travelers with information to reduce the general risk of acute respiratory infections via travel health clinics, travel agencies, conveyance operators and at points of entry WHO has provided interim guidance for novel corona viruses WHO advises against the application of any travel or trade restrictions on Japan based on the information currently available on this event.(https://www.who.int/csr/don/17-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-japan-ex-china/en/) Downloaded on 3/02/2020 B Yan (Jan 22, 2020) told that Beijing has responded faster to the new threat than it did with SARS, but it still silences and punishes those who veer from the official line, with potentially damaging consequences The SARS disaster was supposed to drag China into a new era of openness and responsibility The deadly disease rippled across the world 17 years ago, abetted by a Chinese government that covered up its spread As the scope of it became clear, China’s journalists, intellectuals and other critics helped shame Beijing into opening up about the problem.“SARS has been our country’s 9/11,” said Xu Zhiyuan, then a young newspaper columnist and a fierce critic of the government’s handling of SARS, in a 2003 interview with The New York Times “It has forced us to pay attention to the real meaning of globalization.”Today, China faces the spread of another mysterious disease, a corona virus, which so far has killed 17 people and infected more than 570 And while Beijing’s response has improved in some ways, it has regressed in others It is censoring criticism It is detaining people for spreading what it calls “rumors.” It is suppressing information it deems alarming Though China’s censors are busily scrubbing the Chinese internet, the country’s online community is registering its disappointment and alarm over Beijing’s handling of the new virus that has spread since December from the city of Wuhan to other countries, even the United States.“I thought SARS would force China to rethink its governance model,” Mr Xu, now a video talk show host, wrote on social media on Tuesday, also posting a screenshot of his 2003 quote in The Times “I was too naïve.” In many ways, China has changed for the better since the SARS epidemic Its economy has grown eightfold It has built more skyscrapers, subways and high-speed rail lines than any other country Its tech companies rival Silicon Valley’s giants A more responsive bureaucracy provides more people with health care, social services and even quality-of-life improvements like parks When it comes to handling diseases, the public health system has greatly improved Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak, is also home to one of the most advanced epidemic This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 disease research laboratories in the world Those improvements have come at a price The government has tightened its grip on the internet, the media and civil society It has deeper pockets and a greater ability to control the flow of information across the country As a result, many of the media outlets, advocacy groups, activists and others who held the government accountable in 2003 have been silenced or sidelined “The system is successful in that it destroyed the people with integrity, the institutions with credibility and a society capable of narrating its own stories,” Mr Xu said on social media “What’s left is an arrogant power, a bunch of messy information and many fragile, isolated and angry individuals.”Even as the new virus spread through Wuhan, the government took pains to keep up appearances The first case was reported Dec As the disease spread, Wuhan officials insisted that it was controlled and treatable The police questioned eight people who posted on social media about the virus, saying they had spread “rumors.”On Saturday, two days before Wuhan told the world about the severity of the outbreak, it hosted apotluck banquet attended by more than 40,000 families so the city could apply for a world record for most dishes served at an event On the day it broke the news to the world, it also announced that it was distributing 200,000 free tickets to residents for festival activities during the Lunar New Year holiday, which begins this Saturday The central government backed Wuhan’s officials Wang Guangfa, a prominent government respiratory expert, told the state broadcaster China Central Television on Jan 10 that the Wuhan pneumonia was “under control” and mostly a “mild condition.” Eleven days later, he confirmed to Chinese media that he might have contracted the virus himself during an inspection in Wuhan Recognizing an outbreak can take time, and China is not the first government caught flat footed by a disease But the choices made by government officials had an impact on a major commercial and transportation hub Wuhan is a city of 11 million people, including nearly one million college students from across the country By the time it disclosed the seriousness of the outbreak, the 40-day Lunar New Year travel season, when Chinese people take an estimated three billion trips combined, had already begun People might have made different decisions had websites and headlines described growing worries Instead, they traveled On Tuesday, all five confirmed cases in Beijing were people who had traveled to Wuhan in January for business, study or leisure Until a week ago, some people in China called it the “patriotic virus." Cases appeared in Hong Kong, Thailand, Vietnam, Japan and elsewhere in Asia No other Chinese city but Wuhan reported infection cases It was not until the Hong Kong news media reported over the weekend that the virus had been found in other cities did officials elsewhere come forward Some critics see parallels to SARS In 2003, the Guangzhou newspaper Southern Metropolis Daily first reported the SARS outbreak A military doctor, Jiang Yanyong, came forward with what he knew Only then did officials act.“The way this virus came into This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 the public view is the same as that of SARS 17 years ago,” said Rose Luqiu, an assistant journalism professor who covered SARS as a reporter for the Hong Kong-based Phoenix Television Many of those brave voices in 2003 are gone Like almost all Chinese media outlets that were active in the 1990s and 2000s, the Southern Metropolis Daily has lost its freedom to pursue coverage that holds local governments, if not Beijing, accountable Only a few mainland news media outlets are covering the current crisis critically, and then only with an analytical tone In 2003, Phoenix Television called Ms Luqiu, then a star reporter, back from Iraq to report on SARS in Beijing She shadowed the newly appointed Beijing mayor, Wang Qishan, for a week to cover how the government dealt with the crisis Mr Wang later became the vice president of China That kind of openness is unimaginable now Last week, when a group of Hong Kong journalists went to the Wuhan hospital that took in most corona virus patients, the police detained them for a few hours They were asked to delete their TV footage and hand in their phones and cameras for inspection On Tuesday, Ms Luqiu wrote an article for qq.com, the news site owned by the internet giant Tencent, about the measures the Hong Kong government has taken in dealing with the virus The article was deleted 10 hours later Dr Jiang, the military doctor who became a whistle-blower in 2003, has been put under periodic house arrest and forbidden to visit the United States to collect a human rights award He is also portrayed as a bad role model A multiple-choice question posed by a test-prep school in 2017 asked about Dr Jiang’s decision The correct answer was B: It was wrong because it harmed the interests of the nation, the society and the community and should be subject to legal punishment China’s disclosures have improved in many ways since SARS The government admitted the problem faster Beijing officials have shown determination to be more transparent A top party committee said on Tuesday that it would not tolerate any efforts to hide infections.“Whoever deliberately delays or conceals reporting for the sake of their own interests will be forever nailed to history’s pillar of shame,” the committee said in a post on We Chat The post was later deleted But when the government is the only source of information, wise advice and valuable clues can be lost A police bureau in eastern Shandong Province posted on the Twitter-like social media platform Weibo on Wednesday that it had detained four residents who spread rumors that there was a suspected corona virus patient in the district In that environment, others dare not speak out.“The authorities are sending a signal, which is that only the government agencies can talk about the epidemic,” Yu Ping, a former Southern Metropolis Daily reporter, wrote on his personal blog “All other people should just shut up.”“It’s not public disclosure,” Mr Yu added “It’s a naked information monopoly.”(https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/health/virus-corona.html) This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 C Sheikh eat al told that the scale of an outbreak depends on how quickly and easily a virus is transmitted from person to person While research has just begun, scientists have estimated that each person with the new corona virus could infect somewhere between 1.5 and 3.5 people without effective containment measures That would make the virus roughly as contagious as SARS, another corona virus that circulated in China in 2003 and was contained after it sickened 8,098 people and killed 774 Respiratory viruses like these can travel through the air, enveloped in tiny droplets that are produced when a sick person breathes, talks, coughs or sneezes These droplets fall to the ground within a few feet That makes the virus harder to get than pathogens like measles, chickenpox and tuberculosis, which can travel a hundred feet through the air But it is easier to catch than H.I.V or hepatitis, which spread only through direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person Corona viruses like the Wuhan virus can travel only about six feet from the infected person It’s unknown how long they live on surfaces Some other viruses, like measles, can travel upto 100 feet and stay alive on surfaces for hours If each person infected with the new corona virus infects two to three others, that may be enough to sustain and accelerate an outbreak, if nothing is done to reduce it Here’s how that works In the animation below, a group of five infected people could spread the virus to about 368 people over just five cycles of infection Compare that with a less contagious virus, like the seasonal flu People with the flu tend to infect 1.3 other individuals, on average The difference may seem small, but the result is a striking contrast: Only about 45 people might be infected in the same scenario But the transmission numbers of any disease aren’t set in stone They can be reduced by effective public health measures, such as isolating sick people and tracking individuals they’ve had contact with When global health authorities methodically tracked and isolated people infected with SARS in 2003, they were able to bring the average number each sick person infected down to 0.4, enough to stop the outbreak Health authorities around the world are expending enormous effort trying to repeat that So far, the number of cases outside China has been small But in recent days, cases have turned up in several countries, including the United States, with people who have not visited China And the number of cases within China has accelerated, far surpassing the rate of new SARS cases in 2003 This is one of the most important factors in how damaging the outbreak will be, and one of the least understood It’s tough to assess the lethality of a new virus The worst cases are usually detected first, which can skew our understanding of how likely patients are to die About a third of the first 41 patients reported in Wuhan had to be treated in an I.C.U., many with symptoms of fever, severe cough, shortness of breath and pneumonia But people with mild cases may never visit a doctor So there may be more cases than we know, and the death rate may be lower than we initially thought At the same time, deaths from the virus may be underreported The Chinese This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 cities at the center of the outbreak face a shortage of testing kits and hospital beds, and many sick people have not been able to see a doctor.“There’s still a lot of uncertainty about what this virus is like and what it is doing,” said Dr Allison Mc Geer, an infectious disease specialist at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, who was at the frontlines of the Canadian response to SARS Early indications suggest the fatality rate for this virus is considerably less than another corona virus, MERS, which kills about one in three people who become infected, and SARS, which kills about one in 10 All of the diseases appear to latch on to proteins on the surface of lung cells, but MERS and SARS seem to be more destructive to lung tissue As of Jan 31, fewer than one in 40 of the people with confirmed infections had died Many of those who died were older men with underlying health problems Here’s how the new corona virus compares with other infectious diseases Pathogens can still be very dangerous even if their fatality rate is low, Dr Mc Geer said For instance, even though influenza has a case fatality rate below one per 1,000, roughly 200,000 people end up hospitalized with the virus each year in the United States, and about 35,000 people die The time it takes for symptoms to appear after a person is infected can be vital for prevention and control Known as the incubation period, this time can allow health officials to quarantine or observe people who may have been exposed to the virus But if the incubation period is too long or too short, these measures may be difficult to implement Some illnesses, like influenza, have a short incubation period of two or three days People may be shedding infectious virus particles before they exhibit flu symptoms, making it almost impossible to identify and isolate people who have the virus SARS, however, had an incubation period of about five days In addition, it took four or five days after symptoms started before sick people could transmit the virus That gave officials time to stop the virus and effectively contain the outbreak, Dr McGeer said Officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that the new corona virus has an incubation period of to 14 days But it is still not clear whether a person can spread the virus before symptoms develop, or whether the severity of the illness affects how easily a patient can spread the virus.“That concerns me because it means the infection could elude detection,” said Dr Mark Denison, an infectious disease expert at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn Wuhan is a difficult place to contain an outbreak It has 11 million people, more than New York City On an average day, 3,500 passengers take direct flights from Wuhan to cities in other countries These cities were among the first to report cases of the virus outside China Wuhan is also a major transportation hub within China, linked to Beijing, Shanghai and other major cities by high-speed railways and domestic airlines In October and November of last year, close to two million people flew from Wuhan to other places within China China was not nearly as wellconnected in 2003 during the SARS outbreak Large numbers of migrant workers now travel This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 domestically and internationally — to Africa, other parts of Asia and Latin America, where China is making an enormous infrastructure push with its Belt and Road Initiative This travel creates a high risk for outbreaks in countries with health systems that are not equipped to handle them, like Zimbabwe, which is facing a worsening hunger and economic crisis Over all, China has about four times as many train and air passengers as it did during the SARS outbreak China has taken the unprecedented step of imposing travel restrictions on tens of millions of people living in Wuhan and nearby cities But experts warned that the lockdown may have come too late and limited access to food and medicine Wuhan’s mayor acknowledged that five million people had left the city before the restrictions began, in the run-up to the Lunar New Year.“You can’t board up a germ A novel infection will spread,” said Lawrence O Gostin, a law professor at Georgetown University and director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on National and Global Health Law “It will get out; it always does.” In addition to closing off transportation, officials shut down a market in Wuhan selling live poultry, seafood and wild animals, which was thought to be the origin of the corona virus, and later suspended the trade of wild animals nationwide Schools have been closed, Beijing’s Great Wall is off limits and tourist packages from China have been halted World Health Organization officials have praised China’s aggressive response to the virus But the measures have also had unintended effects Residents in Wuhan who are unwell must walk or cycle for miles to get to hospitals There, many complain that they are being turned away because of shortages of hospital beds, staff and supplies that have been made worse by the lockdown Until recently, researchers abroad were also concerned by the fact that China was not admitting experts who could help track the virus and prevent its spread On Thursday, the W.H.O declared the outbreak a global health emergency, acknowledging that the disease represents a risk beyond China The United States and Australia are temporarily denying entry to noncitizens who recently traveled to China, and several major airlines said they expect to halt direct service to mainland China for months Other countries — including Kazakhstan, Russia and Vietnam — have temporarily restricted travel and visas But critics fear that these measures will not be enough A corona virus vaccine could prevent infections and stop the spread of the disease But vaccines take time After the SARS outbreak in 2003, it took researchers about 20 months to get a vaccine ready for human trials (The vaccine was never needed, because the disease was eventually contained.) By the Zika outbreak in 2015, researchers had brought the vaccine development timeline down to six months Now, they hope that work from past outbreaks will help cut the timeline even further Researchers have already studied the genome of the new corona virus and found the proteins that are crucial for infection Scientists from the National Institutes of Health, in Australia and at least three companies are working on vaccine candidates.“If This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 the outbreak is a very high risk in China, and a high risk regionally and globally."WHO said the categorization was "a global evaluation of risk, covering severity, spread and capacity to cope" The agency added that the mistake made in three of its situation reports had been an "error in the wording" Asked about the correction, Antoine Flahault, co-director of the Swiss School of Public Health, told AFP: "It's a mistake It's definitely a sizeable one but I really think it's a mistake that has now been corrected ".WHO's cautious approach to the outbreak, which has been challenged by some critics, can be seen in the context of past criticism over its slow or too hasty use of the term, first used for the deadly 2009 H1N1 swine flu pandemic During that outbreak, the UN health agency was criticized for sparking panic-buying of vaccines with its announcement that year that the outbreak had reached pandemic proportions, and then anger when it turned out the virus was not nearly as dangerous as first thought But in 2014, the WHO met harsh criticism for dragging its feet and downplaying the severity of the Ebola epidemic that ravaged three West Africa countries, claiming more than 11,300 lives by the time it ended in 2016( https://www.sciencealert.com/whotries-to-correct-wuhan-coronavirus-risk-level) I Buckley (Feb, 1, 2020) reported that at critical turning points, Chinese authorities put secrecy and order ahead of openly confronting the growing crisis and risking public alarm or political embarrassment A mysterious illness had stricken seven patients at a hospital, and a doctor tried to warn his medical school classmates “Quarantined in the emergency department,” the doctor, Li Wenliang, wrote in an online chat group on Dec 30, referring to patients.“So frightening,” one recipient replied, before asking about the epidemic that began in China in 2002 and ultimately killed nearly 800 people “Is SARS coming again?”In the middle of the night, officials from the health authority in the central city of Wuhan summoned Dr Li, demanding to know why he had shared the information Three days later, the police compelled him to sign a statement that his warning constituted “illegal behavior.” The government’s initial handling of the epidemic allowed the virus to gain a tenacious hold At critical moments, officials chose to put secrecy and order ahead of openly confronting the growing crisis to avoid public alarm and political embarrassment A reconstruction of the crucial seven weeks between the appearance of the first symptoms in early December and the government’s decision to lock down the city, based on two dozen interviews with Wuhan residents, doctors and officials, on government statements and on Chinese media reports, points to decisions that delayed a concerted public health offensive In those weeks, the authorities silenced doctors and others for raising red flags They played down the dangers to the public, leaving the city’s 11 million residents unaware they should protect themselves They closed a food market where the virus was believed to have started, but didn’t broadly curb the wildlife trade Their reluctance to go public, in This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 part, played to political motivations as local officials prepared for their annual congresses in January Even as cases climbed, officials declared repeatedly that there had likely been no more infections By not moving aggressively to warn the public and medical professionals, public health experts say, the Chinese government lost one of its best chances to keep the disease from becoming an epidemic.“This was an issue of inaction,” said Yanzhong Huang, a senior fellow for global health at the Council on Foreign Relations who studies China “There was no action in Wuhan from the local health department to alert people to the threat.”The first case, the details of which are limited and the specific date unknown, was in early December By the time the authorities galvanized into action on Jan 20, the disease had grown into a formidable threat It is now a global health emergency It has triggered travel restrictions around the world, shaken financial markets and created perhaps the greatest challenge yet for China’s leader, Xi Jinping The crisis could upend Mr Xi’s agenda for months or longer, even undermining his vision of a political system that offers security and growth in return for submission to iron-fisted authoritarianism On the last day of 2019, after Dr Li’s message was shared outside the group, the authorities focused on controlling the narrative The police announced that they were investigating eight people for spreading rumors about the outbreak That same day, Wuhan’s health commission, its hand forced by those “rumors,” announced that 27 people were suffering from pneumonia of an unknown cause Its statement said there was no need to be alarmed.“The disease is preventable and controllable,” the statement said Dr Li, an ophthalmologist, went back to work after being reprimanded On Jan 10, he treated a woman for glaucoma He did not know she had already been infected with the corona virus, probably by her daughter They both became sick So would he Hu Xiaohu, who sold processed pork in the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, sensed by late December that something was a miss Workers were coming down with nagging fevers No one knew why but, Mr Hu said, several were in hospital quarantine The market occupies much of a block in a newer part of the city, sitting incongruously near apartment buildings and shops catering to the growing middle class It is a warren of stalls selling meats, poultry and fish, as well as more exotic fare, including live reptiles and wild game that some in China prize as delicacies According to a report by the city’s center for disease control, sanitation was dismal, with poor ventilation and garbage piled on wet floors In hospitals, doctors and nurses were puzzled to see a cluster of patients with symptoms of a viral pneumonia that did not respond to the usual treatments They soon noticed that many patients had one thing in common: They worked in Huanan market On Jan 1, police officers showed up at the market, along with public health officials, and shut it down Local officials issued a notice that the market was undergoing an environmental and hygienic cleanup related to the pneumonia outbreak That morning, workers in hazmat suits moved in, washing out This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 stalls and spraying disinfectants It was, for the public, the first visible government response to contain the disease The day before, on Dec 31, national authorities had alerted the World Health Organization’s office in Beijing of an outbreak City officials struck optimistic notes in their announcements They suggested they had stopped the virus at its source The cluster of illnesses was limited There was no evidence the virus spread between humans “Projecting optimism and confidence, if you don’t have the data, is a very dangerous strategy,” said Alexandra Phelan, a faculty research instructor in the department of microbiology and immunology at Georgetown University.“It undermines the legitimacy of the government in messaging,” she added “And public health is dependent on public trust.”Nine days after the market closed, a man who shopped there regularly became the first fatality of the disease, according to a report by the Wuhan Health Commission, the agency that oversees public health and sanitation The 61-year-old, identified by his last name, Zeng, already had chronic liver disease and a tumor in his abdomen, and had checked into Wuhan Puren Hospital with a raging fever and difficulty breathing The authorities disclosed the man’s death two days after it happened They did not mention a crucial detail in understanding the course of the epidemic Mr Zeng’s wife had developed symptoms five days after he did She had never visited the market About 20 miles from the market, scientists at the Wuhan Institute of Virology were studying samples from the patients checking into the city’s hospitals One of the scientists, Zheng-Li Shi, was part of the team that tracked down the origins of the SARS virus, which emerged in the southern province of Guangdong in 2002 As the public remained largely in the dark about the virus, she and her colleagues quickly pieced together that the new outbreak was related to SARS The genetic composition suggested a common initial host: bats The SARS epidemic began when a corona virus jumped from bats to Asian palm civets, a catlike creature that is legally raised and consumed It was likely that this new corona virus had followed a similar path — possibly somewhere in or on the way to the Huanan market or another market like it Around the same time, Dr Li and other medical professionals in Wuhan started trying to provide warnings to colleagues and others when the government did not Lu Xiaohong, the head of gastroenterology at City Hospital No 5, told China Youth Daily that she had heard by Dec 25 that the disease was spreading among medical workers — a full three weeks before the authorities would acknowledge the fact She did not go public with her concerns, but privately warned a school near another market By the first week of January, the emergency ward in Hospital No was filling; the cases included members of the same family, making it clear that the disease was spreading through human contact, which the government had said was not likely No one realized, the doctor said, that it was as serious as it would become until it was too late to stop it “I realized that we had underestimated the enemy,” she said At the Institute of This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 Virology, Dr Shi and her colleagues isolated the genetic sequence and the viral strain during the first week of January They used samples from seven of the first patients, six of them vendors at the market On Jan 7, the institute’s scientists gave the new corona virus its identity and began referring to it by the technical shorthand 2019-nCoV Four days later, the team shared the virus’s genetic makeup in a public database for scientists everywhere to use That allowed scientists around the world to study the virus and swiftly share their findings As the scientific community moved quickly to devise a test for exposure, political leaders remained reluctant to act As the virus spread in early January, the mayor of Wuhan, Zhou Xianwang, was touting futuristic health care plans for the city It was China’s political season, when officials gather for annual meetings of People’s Congresses — the Communist Party-run legislatures that discuss and praise policies It is not a time for bad news When Mr Zhou delivered his annual report to the city’s People’s Congress on Jan against a backdrop of bright red national flags, he promised the city top-class medical schools, a World Health Expo, and a futuristic industry park for medical companies Not once did he or any other city or provincial leader publicly mention the viral outbreak Stressing politics is always No 1,” the governor of Hubei, Wang Xiaodong, told officials on Jan 17, citing Mr Xi’s precepts of top-down obedience “Political issues are at any time the most fundamental major issues.”Shortly after, Wuhan went ahead with a massive annual potluck banquet for 40,000 families from a city precinct, which critics later cited as evidence that local leaders took the virus far too lightly As the congress was taking place, the health commission’s daily updates on the outbreak said again and again that there were no new cases of infection, no firm evidence of human transmission and no infection of medical workers.“We knew this was not the case!” said a complaint later filed with the National Health Commission on a government website The anonymous author said he was a doctor in Wuhan and described a surge in unusual chest illnesses beginning Jan 12 The government’s efforts to minimize public disclosure persuaded more than just untrained citizens.“If there are no new cases in the next few days, the outbreak is over,” Guan Yi, a respected professor of infectious diseases at the University of Hong Kong, said on Jan 15 The World Health Organization’s statements during this period echoed the reassuring words of Chinese officials It had spread Thailand reported the first confirmed case outside China on Jan 13.Officials told doctors at a top city hospital “don’t use the words viral pneumonia on the image reports,” according to the complaint, which has since been removed People were complacent, “thinking that if the official reports had nothing, then we were exaggerating,” the doctor explained Even those stricken felt lulled into complacency When Dong Guanghe developed a fever on Jan in Wuhan, his family was not alarmed, his daughter said He was treated in the hospital and sent home Then, 10 days later, Mr Dong’s wife fell ill with similar symptoms.“The This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 news said nothing about the severity of the epidemic,” said the daughter, Dong Mingjing “I thought that my dad had a common cold.” The first deaths and the spread of the disease abroad appeared to grab the attention of the top authorities in Beijing The national government dispatched Zhong Nanshan, a renowned and now-semiretired epidemiologist who was instrumental in the fight against SARS, to Wuhan to assess the situation He arrived on Jan 18, just as the tone of local officials was shifting markedly A health conference in Hubei Province that day called on medical workers to make the disease a priority An internal document from Wuhan Union Hospital warned its employees that the corona virus could be spread through saliva On Jan 20, more than a month after the first symptoms spread, the current of anxiety that had been steadily gaining strength exploded into public Dr Zhong announced in an interview on state television that there was no doubt that the corona virus spread with human contact Worse, one patient had infected at least 14 medical personnel Mr Xi, fresh from a state visit to Myanmar, made his first public statement about the outbreak, issuing a brief set of instructions It was only with the order from Mr Xi that the bureaucracy leapt into action At that point the death toll was three; in the next 11 days, it would rise above 200.In Wuhan, the city banned tour groups from visiting Residents began pulling on masks Guan Yi, the Hong Kong expert who had earlier voiced optimism that the outbreak could level off, was now alarmed He dropped by one of the city’s other food markets and was shocked by the complacency, he said He told city officials that the epidemic was “already beyond control” and would leave “I hurriedly booked a departure,” Dr Guan told Caixin, a Chinese news organization Two days later, the city announced that it was shutting itself down, a move that could only have been approved by Beijing In Wuhan, many residents said they did not grasp the gravity of the epidemic until the lockdown The mass alarm that officials feared at the start became a reality, heightened by the previous paucity of information Crowds of people crushed the airport and train stations to get out before the deadline fell on the morning of Jan 23 Hospitals were packed with people desperate to know if they, too, were infected.“We didn’t wear masks at work That would have frightened off customers,” Yu Haiyan, a waitress from rural Hubei, said of the days before the shutdown “When they closed off Wuhan, only then did I think, ‘Oh, this is really serious, this is not some average virus.’”Wuhan’s mayor, Zhou Xianwang, later took responsibility for the delay in reporting the scale of the epidemic, but said he was hampered by the national law on infectious diseases That law allows provincial governments to declare an epidemic only after receiving central government approval “After I receive information, I can only release it when I’m authorized,” he said The official reflex for suppressing discomforting information now appears to be cracking, as officials at various levels seek to shift blame for the government’s response With the crisis worsening, Dr Li’s efforts are no longer viewed as This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 reckless A commentary on the social media account of the Supreme People’s Court criticized the police for investigating people for circulating rumors.“It might have been a better way to prevent and control the new corona virus today if the public had believed the ‘rumor’ then and started to wear masks and carry out sanitary measures and avoid the wild animal market,” the commentary said Dr Li is 34 and has a child He and his wife are expecting a second in the summer He is now recovering from the virus in the hospital where he worked In an interview via text messages, he said he felt aggrieved by the police actions.“If the officials had disclosed information about the epidemic earlier,” he said, “I think it would have been a lot better There should be more openness and transparency.”This article is based on reporting and research by Elsie Chen, Sheri Fink, Claire Fu, Javier Hernandez, Zoe Mou, Amy Qin, Knvul Sheikh, Amber Wang, Yiwei Wang, Sui-Lee Wee, Li Yuan, Albee Zhang and Raymond Zhong https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/world/asia/chinacoronavirus.html K Every year an estimated 290,000 to 650,000 people die in the world due to complications from seasonal influenza (flu) viruses This figure corresponds to 795 to 1,781 deaths per day due to the seasonal flu SARS (Nov 2002 - Jul 2003): was a corona virus that originated from Beijing, China, spread to 29 countries, with 8,096 people infected and 774 deaths (with a fatality rate of 9.6%) Considering that SARS ended up infecting 5,237 people in mainland China, Wuhan Corona virus surpassed SARS on January 29, 2020, when Chinese officials confirmed 5,974 cases of the novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) One day later, on January 30, 2020 the novel corona virus cases surpassed even the 8,096 cases worldwide representing the final SARS count in 2003 The Novel Corona virus (2019-nCoV) originating from Wuhan, China, has now spread to 27 countries and territories worldwide, with 17,488 confirmed cases and 362 deaths as of February 3, 2020, 17:00 GMT On Feb 2, Doctors in Thailand say they discovered medical treatment that cured a patient of coronavirus ‘in 48 Hours ’On Feb 2, a death in the Philippines marked the first death occurring outside of China It was a 44-year-old Chinese man from Wuhan who was admitted to the hospital on Jan 25 with fever, cough, and sore throat, developed severe pneumonia but in the last few days “was stable and showed signs of improvement; however, the condition of the patient deteriorated within his last 24 hours resulting in his demise." reported the Philippine Department of Health On February 2, China shuts down another major city as it closed roads and restricted the movement of residents in Wenzhou, a city with a population of million that is located 800 km away from Wuhan, in Hubei province The Zhejiang province, where Wenzhou is located, has the highest number of confirmed cases outside the Hubei province On February 1, the 8th case in the United States was reported (a male in his 20s, in Boston, MA) On January 31, the first novel corona virus cases in This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 the UK,] the first cases in Russia, and the first case in Sweden and in Spain have been reported Canada reported its 4th case On Jan 31, the United States declared Corona virus a Public Health Emergency issued 14 days quarantine rules for US citizens entering the US from China (mandatory if entering from the Hubei province) issued an order to deny entry to foreigners who have traveled to China within the past two weeks On January 30, the novel corona virus total case count surpassed that for SARS (which affected 8,096 people worldwide) On Jan 30, the World Health Organization declared the corona virus outbreak a Global Public Health Emergency On Jan 30 CDC confirmed the first US case of human to human transmission Germany, Japan, Vietnam and the United States have reported cases in patients who didn't personally visit China, but contracted the virus from someone else who had visited Wuhan, China These cases of human to human transmission are the most worries one, according to the WHO Wuhan (the city where the virus originated) is the largest city in Central China, with a population of over 11 million people The city, on January 23, shut down transport links Following Wuhan lockdown, the city of Huanggang was also placed in quarantine, and the city of Ezhou closed its train stations This means that 18 million people have been placed in isolation The World Health Organization (WHO) said cutting off a city as large as Wuhan is "unprecedented in public health history." and praised China for its incredible commitment to isolate the virus and minimize the spread to other countries The attack rate or transmissibility (how rapidly the disease spreads) of a virus is indicated by its reproductive number (Ro, pronounced R-nought or r-zero), which represents the average number of people who will catch the disease from a single infected person A more recent study is indicating a Ro as high as 4.08.[22] This value substantially exceeds WHO's estimate (made on Jan 23) of between 1.4 and 2.5[13], and is also higher than recent estimates between 3.6 and 4.0 and between 2.24 to 3.58 Preliminary studies had estimated Ro to be between 1.5 and 3.5 Based on these numbers, on average every case of the Novel Corona virus would create to new cases An outbreak with a reproductive number of below will gradually disappear For comparison, the Ro for the common flu is 1.3 and for SARS it was 2.0 The novel corona virus' case fatality rate is currently estimated at around 2%, according to the WHO, on January 29, 2020 A prior estimate had put that number at 3%, between 2% and 4%) Fatality rate can change as a virus can mutate, according to epidemiologists Once the province Hubei (where the epicenter Wuhan is situated) is removed from the calculation, the national (China) mortality rate drops to 0.3% Within the Hubei province, the mortality rate is about 1% when excluding the city of Wuhan (where it is 5.5%).For comparison, the case fatality rate for SARS was 10%, and for MERS 34%.Symptoms of the novel corona virus (2019nCoV) may appear in as few as days or as long as 14 (estimated ranges vary from 2-10 days, 2-14 This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 days, and 10-14 days, see details), during which the virus is contagious but the patient does not display any symptom (asymptomatic transmission) The median age of cases detected outside of China is 45 years, ranging from to 74 years 71% of cases were male People of all ages can be infected by the new corona virus (2019-nCoV).Older people, and people with pre-existing medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease) appear to be more vulnerable to becoming severely ill with the virus The patient who died in the Philippines on February 2, in what was the first death occurring outside of China, was a 44-year-old Chinese man from Wuhan who was admitted on Jan 25 after experiencing fever, cough, and sore throat, before developing severe pneumonia In the last few days, “the patient was stable and showed signs of improvement, however, the condition of the patient deteriorated within his last 24 hours resulting in his demise." according to the Philippine Department of Health As of Jan 29, according to French authorities, the conditions of the two earliest Paris cases had worsened and the patients were being treated in intensive care, according to French authorities The patients have been described as a young couple aged 30 and 31 years old, both Chinese citizens from Wuhan who were asymptomatic when they arrived in Paris on January 18 The NHC reported the details of the first 17 deaths up to 24 pm 22 Jan 2020 The deaths included 13 males and females The median age of the deaths was 75 (range 48-89) years World meter is conducting further research on case and deaths demographics and will update soon with its findings On January 30, the World Health Organization has declared the corona virus outbreak a Global Public Health Emergency For more information from the WHO regarding novel corona virus: WHO page on Novel Corona virus (2019-nCoV) Corona virus Cases:17,488 of which 2,298 (13%)in critical conditions Deaths: 362 Recovered: 523 (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/) L Wang and Turak (Feb 2, 2020) reported that a plane repatriating 250 French and European nationals from Wuhan, China — the epicenter of the fast-spreading and deadly corona virus — landed at a military airbase in Asters, France Sunday afternoon local time Some 65 French citizens will be quarantined in the south of France, French authorities said, while the other passengers will be repatriated to their home countries Five military aircraft will evacuate Russian nationals from China over the corona virus, Russian news agency Interfax said Sunday, citing the country’s defense ministry The conditions in Hubei province are “severe and complicated” and medical resources are weak at the county level Vice governor Xiao Juhua told a press conference Sunday, according to a Reuters report Hubei province is home to Wuhan, the center of the deadly corona virus outbreak and the site of the vast majority of deaths from the illness Still, the accuracy of testing kits has reportedly improved, according to Wang Wei, director of Hubei’s science and technology department, who also This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 spoke at the briefing The time required to confirm cases with test kits has halved to around two hours, Reuters reported Iraq is barring entry to all foreigners coming from China, its interior ministry said Sunday The Middle Eastern country hosts workers from the China National Petroleum Corp, one of its top foreign investors All-electric car racing series Formula E has dropped plans for a race in the Chinese city of Sanya, the organization said Sunday, citing concerns over the corona virus outbreak The event in the southern Chinese resort city, on the coast of Hainan island, was planned for March 21 Formula E said in a statement that it would continue working with its local partners to “study the viability of potential alternative dates should the situation improve Indonesia is the latest country to announce a temporary suspension of flights to and from China, to go into effect Wednesday, amid a mounting death and infection count from the deadly corona virus The Southeast Asian country of 264 million will also suspend its policy of issuing visas on arrival to Chinese nationals, Indonesian Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi said Sunday Foreign nationals who have visited China in the last 14 days will also be barred from entry The vast majority of corona virus deaths and infections — now at more than 300 and 14,300, respectively — are in Wuhan, China, where the virus first appeared A group of 59 students from Myanmar are the latest foreign nationals to be evacuated from Wuhan, China, Burmese authorities said Sunday They will be quarantined for 14 days in a hospital in Myanmar upon return, health officials said At least three Burmese students are currently remaining in China, two of which had high fevers and are being kept there by Chinese authorities Myanmar can’t test for the virus itself, so is sending samples to neighboring Thailand, where results are expected within a week of testing Oman and Saudi state airline Saudia announced suspension of flights to China on Sunday amid mounting cases of the corona virus The number of confirmed cases in China early Sunday was at least 14,380 with 304 deaths, and one death outside China, announced in the Philippines on Sunday morning Business has been shut down in more than half of China — 21 provinces that accounted for more than 80% of national GDP last year — in an effort to contain the virus South Korea has become the latest country to announce a ban on travelers who have visited the province of Hubei, China, the center of the corona virus outbreak The ban will come into place on Tuesday, South Korea’s Prime Minister Chung Sye-kyun said on Sunday, according to local news agency Yonhap South Korea confirmed three new cases of the respiratory illness on Sunday, bringing its total confirmed cases to 15 The Indian government confirmed the country’s second case of corona virus This case involves a patient in Kerala, a southwestern coastal state where India’s first case was also reported The person in the second case has been isolated in a hospital and is in stable condition, the government said in a statement New Zealand raised its travel advisory for China to “Do not travel,” recommending its citizens to leave the country as soon as This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 possible It also said it will place temporary entry restrictions for foreigners with recent travel history in China The restrictions take effect Monday and will be in place for 14 days The New Zealand government said it will review this position every 48 hours Citizens, permanent residents and their families may still enter the country, but will be required to self-isolate for 14 days upon returning to New Zealand.“It is critically important that we both protect New Zealanders from the virus and play our part in the global effort to contain it I am particularly mindful that we are a gateway to the Pacific, and must factor that into our decision making,” Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said in a statement A man who tested positive for the new corona virus died on Saturday in the Philippines The 44-year-old man was the second confirmed case in the country and the companion of the person in the first confirmed case, a 38-year-old woman, officials said Both people are from Wuhan, China — the city at the epicenter of a corona virus outbreak Officials said the 44-year-old man was admitted to the San Lazaro Hospital in Manila on Jan 25 after experiencing a fever, cough and sore throat Officials said he developed a severe pneumonia man’s condition, however, deteriorated rapidly in his last 24 hours, officials said “This is the first reported case outside of China However, we need to keep in mind that he came from Wuhan, China,” Dr Rabi Abeyasinghe, a World Health Organization representative in the Philippines said in a statement on Twitter The White House said President Donald Trump discussed the corona virus outbreak with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in a Friday call They discussed their countries’ “efforts to monitor, contain, and mitigate the spread of the 2019 novel corona virus,” according to the White House statement Philippines broadcaster GMA News reported that President Rodrigo Duterte has barred foreign nationals coming from mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao GMA noted that the country had already barred travelers from Hubei province, where the epicenter of the outbreak, Wuhan, is located Filipinos and Philippine residents returning from China will be quarantined for 14 days, GMA reported Health officials confirmed three new cases of corona virus in South Korea, bringing the total to 15 Foreigners who have recently been in mainland China have been barred from entering Australia, Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced Saturday He said, however, this is a temporary measure that will be reviewed in 14 days This does not apply to permanent residents or Australian citizens The government said it will require these groups to self-isolate for 14 days from the time of their departure from mainland China Airline crews are also exempt, as long as they have been “using appropriate personal protective equipment.”Morrison also said the Australian government has raised its travel advisory for all of mainland China to Level Four: “Do not travel.” China’s National Health Commission said it confirmed an additional 45 deaths and 2,590 cases through the end of Feb All of the additional deaths were in Hubei, according to the NHC It said it has confirmed a total of This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 14,380 cases and 304 deaths Chinese health officials confirmed an additional 45 deaths and 1,921 cases in Hubei province, the epicenter of the corona virus outbreak Through the end of Feb 1, Hubei authorities said they confirmed a total of 9,074 cases, 294 deaths and 215 cured people so far in this outbreak The first person in New York City is under investigation for corona virus, according to the Department of Health The individual, who is under 40-years-old, has been hospitalized and is in stable condition after showing symptoms following travel to mainland China Testing by the CDC to determine whether this is a confirmed case of corona virus will take at least 36-48 hours, according to health officials “An individual with a travel history to China felt unwell and sought help from a medical provider who promptly contacted the Health Department,” said Health Commissioner Dr Oxiris Barbot.3:15 pm: Pentagon will provide housing for those who need to be quarantined The Pentagon approved a request from the Department of Health and Human services to provide housing for 1,000 people who could need to be quarantined after traveling abroad due to the virus, according to a Pentagon spokesperson As Apple temporarily closes its stores in China, roughly million of Apple’s iPhones in China are at risk of shifting out of the March and into the June quarter if the virus outbreak continues into late February, according to Webush analyst note However, the firm notes that it would be a less than 3% of Chinese annual I Phone sales at most and would have a negligible impact A World Health Organization report said the outbreak is still largely centered in the Hubei province in China About 60.5% of all China cases since the start of the outbreak are from the region, and the remainder are from 33 other provinces, regions and cities, according to the report The second largest number of cases are from the Zhejiang province Furthermore, 101 of the 132 cases confirmed outside of China were people who had traveled to China in the 14 days before the onset of the virus His story has been updated to remove a reference to a tweet from the World Health Organization Philippines, which contained erroneous information about the type of infections found in the 44-yearold man who died This story has also been updated to correct where the plane evacuating French nationals landed https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/02/coronavirus-latest-updates-china-hubei-casesand-deaths.html M Pakistani student, who was extracted from corona virus-hit China as flights operations resumed between the two countries, has been quarantined since his return as he showed suspected symptoms of the novel epidemic, The Express Tribune has reported According to reports, Shahzaib Rahujo studies petroleum at a Chinese university around 1,000 kilometres (km) away from Wuhan where the deadly corona virus originated He reached his village, Nangerji, late on Saturday night and was shifted to an isolation ward on Monday after he fell ill.“He was This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 experiencing a headache, flu and cough when he reached Qatar He took some medicine to relieve the symptoms and was able to reach the village safely,” Rahujo’s elder brother, Irshad Ali, told the media outlet He added that his brother cleared medical screening at Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, but once he reached his village, he started experiencing fever, flu, cough and fatigue Kept in isolation, Rahujo is reportedly facing neglect at Civil Hospital in Khairpur where he is admitted, as medics there are not ready to perform tests on him Ali posted a video online showing how his brother Rahujo being neglected in spite of his ill health and nose bleeding We were on our way to Karachi when they told us to come back to the civil hospital There, they put him in a dengue ward But there is no doctor and he not being treated properly,” Ali said Several Pakistani citizens, a large number of which are students, are still reportedly stuck in China https://thecurrent.pk/coronavirus-sick-pakistani-students-from-china-shifted-to-isolationward/ N Khan (December, 25, 2019) told that microbes are the micro organisms which are seen with the help of microscope It has positive and negative impact on the human being It includes bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa and algae These play essential role in nutrient cycling, climate change, food spoilage and causing disease and controlling These are versatile and can be put to work in many ways such as cleaning of bio-fuels, manufacture of bio-fuels, cleaning up pollution, and producing/processing food and drink Microbiologists have discovered many microbes, such as Jenner has invented vaccine against smallpox, Fleming has discovered of penicillin, Marshall identified link between Helicobacter pylori infection and stomach ulcers, while Zur Hausen identified the link between Papilloma virus and cervical cancer Microbiology research has been continuing for solution of problems, such as maintaining food, water and energy security for a healthy population on a habitable earth Similarly research are working how 'does life exist elsewhere in the Universe'? It is also recorded that microbes are used in large scale in industrial process Such as for ethanol production, which are used as a fuel, solvent and for many other purposes, as well as glycerol, a common metabolite in food and medicine, and a number of other chemicals? Subsequently uses in making bioleaching where bacteria leach metals such as iron and manganese from soil and sewage Through bioleaching process sediment structure are converted into other forms which create the potential to control water flow in aquifers and produce biomaterials of commercial value Microbes are used as bio-fertilizer which play great role in plant growth and yield in the world while it also play great role in insulin production in the world for control of Diabetes RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSIONS This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 The study concluded that corona virus problem was raised in late December 2019 in Wuhan and Hubei provinces in China Globally 4594 cases of the corona Virus was confirmed China total confirmed cases number was 4537 while 6973 were suspected and 976 were found severe and 106 deaths were recorded Similarly outside of China 57 cases were confirmed and 16 countries were declared affected According to data Japan 6, Republic of Korea 4, Viet Nam ,Singapore Australia 5, Malaysia 4, Cambodia 1, Thailand 14, Nepal 1, Sri Lanka 1, United States of America ,Canada 2, France 3, Germany and Pakistan World Health Organization has tried best for its controlling and the Director General did meeting with the President Xi Jiping for overcoming this problems in the emergency in china World Pathologists’ were informed for Vaccine preparation Similarly world economy has been damaged and the economy of the China was highly affected by this virus and the new year program was halted on the spot The China has struggled best and its active program is highly appreciated for this virus controlling The review further shows that the people of the China are very patriotic and they made hospital in day night for treatment of the affected The review further explains that through sneezing and human contact the virus were spread to whole community of the world So for protection purpose Wuhan and Hubei provinces were sealed for further spreading this virus Masks were prepared in day night for protection of community On the basis of problems the following recommendations were suggested for its controlling in future Mostly Halal food should be provided to China community in future World wise Quarantines should be developed by each country for different germs protection.; Good hospital and quality Doctors should be produced by each country; Give freedom to media for awareness of community to take action in time to protect the world from the epidemic disease; Safety net should be provided by WHO in the developing countries in time More funds should be provided to health department in the world Similarly research fund should be increased in all hospital of the world for conducting research on the medical background Testing laboratories and food inspectors should be multiplied in the world AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION The idea was created by Dr.Naushad Khan He set the paper while Mahnoor Naushad downloaded all the articles from the net and the proofreading of the paper and help in typing and setting of the Paper REFFERENCES [1] Buckley.C and S.Lee (Feb 1, 2020).As New Coronavirus Spread, China’s Old Habits Delayed FightMyers(https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/world/asia/china-coronavirus.html)Downloaded 2/02/2020 This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 [2] Callaway E (31 JANUARY 2020 China coronavirus: labs worldwide scramble to analyse live samples Scientists need the pathogen to probe the biology of the emerging infection and to develop tests, drugs and vaccines( https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00262-7) Downloaded on 3/02/2020 [3] Disease outbreak news17 January 2020 (https://www.who.int/csr/don/17-january-2020-novelcoronavirus-japan-ex-china/en/) Downloaded 2/02/2020 [4] Khan, N (December 25, 2019).Microbes Role in the Economic Development of a World Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3509498 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3509498 [5] Sheikh K., D Watkins, J Wu and M.Gröndahl (Feb 1, 2020).”How Bad Will the Corona virus Outbreak Get?Here Are Key Factors” (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/world/asia/chinacoronavirus-contain.html#transmission) Downloaded 2/02/2020 [6] Thuburn D (28 JAN 2020) WHO Has Admitted an Error in Its Assessment of Wuhan Coronavirus Risk (https://www.sciencealert.com/who-tries-to-correct-wuhan-coronavirus-risk-level) Downloaded 2/02/2020 [7] Westman N Jan 30, 2020, “Everything You Need to Know About the Coronavirus From China” https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/23/21078457/coronavirus-outbreak-china-wuhan-quarantine-whosars-cdc-symptoms-risk#PF8ukM Downloaded 2/02/2020 [8] World Health Organization Data as reported by 28 January 2020 “Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) Situation Report – https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200128sitrep-8-ncov-cleared.pdf Downloaded 2/02/2020 [9] Yuan L.,(Jan 22, 2020).”China Silences Critics Over Deadly Virus Outbreak” THE NEW NEW WORLD https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/health/virus-corona.html [10] (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ Downloaded 2/02/2020 [11] Wang C and N.Turak (FEB 2020) “ First death Outside of China Reported in Philippines, more countries suspend China flights” https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/02/coronavirus-latestupdates-china-hubei-cases-and-deaths.html downloaded 0n 3/02/2020 [12] News Desk Coronavirus: Sick Pakistani students from China shifted to isolation ward https://thecurrent.pk/coronavirus-sick-pakistani-students-from-china-shifted-to-isolationward/rother of China-return student suffering from flue, fever and nose-bleeding appeals for medical aidhttps://tribune.com.pk/story/2149630/1-khairpur-student-put-isolation-ward-returnchina/ [13] (https://www.who.int/csr/don/17-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-japan-ex-china/en/) [14] Daurat C (January 31, 2020) The Coronavirus Is Infecting the Global Economy Here’s Howhttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-31/the-global-economy-is-gettinginfected-by-the-virus This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532001 ... positive for the new corona virus died on Saturday in the Philippines The 44-year-old man was the second confirmed case in the country and the companion of the person in the first confirmed case,... part of the world and to see the effects of corona virus on the world community METHODS AND MATERIALS The study was carried out since Feb,2020 and the major objective was that to examine the effect... Jinping of the People’s Republic of China in Beijing They shared the latest information on the outbreak and reiterated their commitment to bring it under control The discussions focused on continued