... reached again before the nineteenth century. The fall in output may have been less serious in industry than in agriculture: the clothindustry declined in Flanders but grew in England and in other ... producedfodder, straw, and meat for the capital. Likewise, in the Low Countries,particularly in Flanders, Brabant, and then north Holland, the increase in urban population intensified demand and stimulated ... backwardor forward linkages, even considering the inventions, of great import for the future, that were made in England c. 1700: the steam engines of Sav-ery and Newcomen, and the coke-smelting of...