Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 3): Distribution in the Body docx
Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 3): Distribution in the Body docx
... cells.(Vertical bars in the EM micro-graphs represent 1 µm; E: cross-sec-tioned erythrocyte; AM: actomyosin; G:insulin-containing granules.)24 Distribution in the Body Lüllmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology ... Modes of Drug Distribution Following its uptake into the body, the drug is distributed in the blood (1) andthrough it to the various tissues of the body. Distribution may be restricted to the ... multiplearrays, as for instance in the endotheli-um of cerebral blood vessels. The con-necting proteins (connexins) further-more serve to restrict mixing of otherfunctional membrane proteins (ionpumps,...
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Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 24): Disinfectants ppt
... bymechlor-ethamineInsertion of daunorubicin,doxorubicin,bleomycin,actinomycin D, etc.Streptomyces bacteriaInhibition of nucleotide synthesisPurinesThymineNucleotideTetrahydro-folateDihydrofolateReductaseFolic ... receptor that inhibits the phosphatase calcineurin. The latterplays a key role in T-cell signal trans-duction. It contributes to the induction of cytokine production, including that of IL-2. The breakthroughs ... atom binds CN-with highaffinity to generate cyanocobalamin.Tolonium chloride (ToluidinBlue). Brown-colored methemoglobin,containing tri- instead of divalent iron,is incapable of carrying...
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Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 25): Therapy of Selected Diseases pptx
... as-sessment of the relevant drugs, in keep-ing with the patient’s individual needs. In instituting single-drug therapy(monotherapy), the following consider-ations apply: β-blockers (p. 92) are of value ... areprevented. The most common adverseeffects of colchicine are abdominal pain,vomiting, and diarrhea, probably due toinhibition of mitoses in the rapidly di-viding gastrointestinal epithelial cells.Colchicine ... dyspho-nia. To minimize the risk of candidiasis,drug administration should occur be-fore morning or evening meals, or befollowed by rinsing of the oropharynx.Anti-inflammatory therapy is the moresuccessful...
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Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 26 and the end): Further Reading doc
... Hexa-Betalin, PyroxinePyrimethamine DaraprimPyrimethamine + Sulfadoxine FansidarQQuazepam DoralQuinacrine AtabrineQuinapril AccuprilQuinidine Cardioqin, Cin-Quin, Quinalan, Quinidex, QuinoraQuinine ... ImipramineImuran AzathioprineImurek AzathioprineInapsine DroperidolInderal PropranololIndocid IndomethacinIndocin IndomethacinIndome IndomethacinInflamase PrednisolonechnisoloveInhibace ... Melipramin, Tofranil,TypramineIndapamide Lozide, Lozol, NatrilixIndinavir CrixivanIndomethacin Ammuno, Indocid, Indocin, Indome, MetacenInfliximab RemicadeInsulin Humalog, Humulin, Iletin, Novolin,...
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Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 1): History of Pharmacology pptx
... substances of plantorigin) including: morphine, codeine,narcotine = noscapine, papaverine, nar-ceine, and others.Using a natural product or extractto treat a disease thus usually entails the administration ... la-boratories. The aims of isolating active principlesare:1. Identification of the active ingredi-ent(s).2. Analysis of the biological effects(pharmacodynamics) of individual in- gredients and of their ... necessary to in- clude novel therapeutic principles, such as the inhibitors of platelet aggregationfrom the group of integrin GPIIB/IIIA antagonists, the inhibitors of viral protease, or the non-nucleoside...
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Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 2): Drug Administration doc
... spontaneouslyinto a bilayer in an aqueous medium,their polar heads directed outwards into the aqueous medium, the fatty acidchains facing each other and projectinginto the inside of the membrane (3). The ... device in front of the mouth, the size of aerosol particles, and the coordi-nation between opening of the sprayvalve and inspiration. The size of aerosolparticles determines the speed at whichthey ... discharged. During use, the in- haler (spray dispenser) is held directly in front of the mouth and actuated at the start of inspiration. The effective-ness of delivery depends on the position of the device...
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Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 4): Drug Elimination doc
... acceleratedbiotransformation, not only of the in- ducing agent but also of other drugs (aform of drug interaction). With contin-ued exposure, induction develops in afew days, resulting in an increase in re-action ... are involved in the conjugation of the amino acids glycineor glutamine with carboxylic acids. In these cases, an amide bond is formedbetween the carboxyl groups of the ac-ceptor and the amino ... basicallyresembles the dealkylation of tertiaryamines, beginning with the formation of a hydroxylamine that then decomposesinto ammonia and the correspondingaldehyde. The latter is partly...
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Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 5): Pharmacokinetics docx
... clearance, the shorter is the half-life. In the case of drugs renally elimi-nated in unchanged form, the half-life of elimination can be calculated from the cumulative excretion in urine; the finaltotal ... still present in the body, i.e., the drug accumulates. The shorter the dosing interval relative to the elimination half-life, the larger willbe the residual amount of drug to which the next dose ... (cmax), the higher will be the cmax, and the earli-er the plasma level will begin to fallagain. The area under the plasma level timecurve (AUC) is independent of the route of administration,...
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Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 6): Quantification of Drug Action ppt
... ligands, the kinetics of inter-action, and the characteristics of the binding site itself. In studying the affinity and number of such binding sites, use is made of membrane suspensions of different ... decreases and the increment in binding is no longer proportional to the increase in concentration (in the ex-ample illustrated, an increase in con-centration by 1 is needed to increasebinding from ... partiallycancel the primary effect in the intactorganism — e.g., the heart rate in- creasing action of norepinephrinecannot be demonstrated in the intactorganism, because a simultaneousrise in blood...
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Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 7): Drug-Receptor Interaction doc
... induces a change in the conformation of the receptor pro-tein, enabling the latter to interact witha G-protein (= guanyl nucleotide-bind-ing protein). G-proteins lie at the innerleaf of the ... acid are found in the cytosol and in the cell nucleus, respec-tively.Binding of hormone exposes a nor-mally hidden domain of the receptorprotein, thereby permitting the latter tobind to a particular ... range where a change in plasma level causes a change in the in- tensity of the effect. The dose dependence of the timecourse of the drug effect is exploitedwhen the duration of the effect is to...
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