... was first introducedby Golub and Van Loan in 1980 [501], studied extensively and refined by Van Huffel,Vandevalle, Lemmerling et. al. [581, 582], Hansen and O’Leary, and many other researchers[581, ... (2.97) and ∆H and ∆x refer to perturbations of the matrix H and sensor vector x, respectively.By changing the parameter γ in the range [0, 1], we obtain the special cases: the standardLS, TLS and ... many efficient and powerful adaptive algorithms havebeen developed for PCA, SVD and MCA and their extensions [20, 910, 917, 64, 281]. Themain objective of this chapter is a derivation and overview...