Tài liệu Megacities and Climate Change ppt

... protecting and increasing green areas and parks in St. Petersburg, Russia. ©VictorRadziun4 6Megacities and Climate Change 47Chapter4 Land use and urban planningWaste and climate change arecloselylinked.InIndia,60%oftotaldisposablewasteisorganic,whichcanrapidlydecompose, and releasemethanegasduringtheprocess.Moreover,itisrecognisedthatrecyclingresultsinreducingtheneedforrawmaterials.Incasessuchasaluminum,recyclingplaysanimportantrolebyreducingtheamountofenergyrequiredforitsproduction and alsoeventuallyreducegreenhousegasemissions.6Wastepickers,whoarenotrecognisedasformalstakeholdersbytherecyclingsector,undertakebothrecycling and extensiverepair/reuse,makingtheirinclusioninanywastemanagementplanessential.Someestimatessuggestthatapproximately1%oftheurbanpopulationinthedevelopingworldisengagedinrecycling.Manyofthemarepoorminorities,migratingfromtheruralregions,whereecological and economiccollapseisunderway.Therefore,theirinclusioninsuchplansisessentialbothfromanenvironmental and povertyalleviationpointofview.Leadership ... by Fernando Monteiro, Boris Graizbord, Manuela Bucciarelli and Nick HarrisonContents Megacities and Climate Change Sustainableurbanlivinginachangingworld5 6Megacities and Climate Change PublishedbyLEADInternational and LEADMexico.DesignedbyCDTDesignwww.cdt-design.co.ukISBN978-0-9-560603-0-3LEAD ... China.©MartinHarvey/StillPicturesLEAD International 2008 Megacities and Climate Change Sustainable urban living in a changing world3 6Megacities and Climate Change 37Chapter3 Water and sanitationToday,theMAMCconsumesover62cubicmetresofwatereverysecond(m3/s),42m3/sofwhichcomesfromthedeepwellnetwork(withinthebasin) and 20m3/simportedfromtheLerma and Balsasriverbasins.8However,almostonequarter(13m3/s)islostthroughleakageinthedrinkingwaterdistributionnetwork5 and lessthan5%ofthewaterconsumedintheMAMCisreused.6Intermsofwaterstress,theMAMCranksveryhigh,demandingmorewater(108%)thanisactuallyavailablewithinitsownbasin.WateravailabilityintheMAMCisaround84m3/inhabitant/yearcomparedtoaround4,505m3/inhabitant/yearnationally.6Toremedythisstress,theamountofwaterimportedfromotherbasinsisincreasing.ThehydraulicmodelimplementedintheMAMCishavingserioussocial and environmentalimplicationsbothwithin and outsidethebasin.Aquifersarebeingoverexploited(morewaterisextractedfromdeepwellsthanisbeingreplacedbyrainfall) and thisiscontributingtothecity’ssubsidence(7.5min100years).8Importingwaterfromoutsideofthebasinisleadingtoecologicaldamageofwetlands and increasingpovertyamongtheindigenouspopulation.Muchofthewastewater(49m3/s)fromtheMAMCisdrainedintotheCuatitlan-Tulariver(inthePánucoriverbasin) and ishighlypollutedbyurban and industrialwaste.Thiscausesdamagetoecosystems,agriculturalproduction, and publichealth and requiresaconsiderableamountofenergytopumpthewastewatertowardsthePánucoriverbasin.ThetransferofwaterfromtheBalsasriverbasintoMAMCdemandsaconsiderableamountofenergyforpumping and re-pumpingwater.Forexample,intheCutzamalasystemwhichisoneofthelargestpumpingsystemsintheworld,waterneedstobepumpedover140km and raisedover1100mtosupplytheMAMC.Toachievethis,102pumpingstationsusenearly4,000millionKwh/year.8EnergyuseintheCutzamalasystemcostUS$130min20046,representingaround86%ofthesystem’stotaloperatingcost.Case...

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... Disasters Related to Climate Change Climate Change • To strengthen the most vulnerable people communities in the disaster-prone areas to climate change and to response and adapt to disasters.Funding: ... disasters.Funding: NetherlandsRed Cross, Red Cross, Implementing: Vietnam Red Cross Participating: IMHEN Climate Change Impacts in Huong River Basin and Climate Change Impacts in Huong River Basin and Adaptation ... on Climate Change Capacity Building for National Focal Point on Climate Change Status: on goingFunding: DANIDA Implementing: ICDViet Nam and UNFCCC• Viet Nam signed UNFCCC in June 1992 and...

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