... derivingfromtheincomeflowfromthisexpenditure, in otherwords,thevalueaddedcomponent of thisexpenditure.Valueaddedisthatpart of theexpenditurewhicheitherformsthebasis of income for labour or gross operating surplus (GOS) to capital owners, after allowing for spending on intermediate inputs ... that of offshore grants,which declined to 68,247 grants in 2009‐10 from 90,859 grants in 2008‐9, a fall of 24.9%.Again,thiswaslargelytheconsequence of adecline in Indianapplications.Offsetting ... ataround5%perannum.1Offshorecampusescontributedafurther$589milliontotheeconomy.TheEconomicImplications of FewerInternationalHigherEducationStudents in AustraliaJohnPhillimoreandPaulKoshyTheJohnCurtinInstitute of PublicPolicyCurtinUniversity for AustralianTechnologyNetwork of UniversitiesFinalReportAugust2010TheEconomicImplications of FewerInternationalHigherEducationStudents in Australia17Bycomparison,theinternationalstudentintake of 232,475 in thevocationaleducationandtraining(VET)sector,whichrecentlybecamethelargestsector in terms of intake,accounted for ...