... piece of reading or listening, and then ask the students to identify the MAs the speaker uses and to rank them in the right group of certainty, probability and intensity level. The students, afterwards, ... certainty and intensity, MAs are more likely to occur after the modal finites in the MenP in English than the MAs in Vietnamese. In English, there are more MAs expressing probability, certainty ... probability, certainty and intensity in the MenP than in Vietnamese. In Vietnamese, there are less MAs expressing probability, certainty and intensity in the MenP than in English. English people tend...