... n e
Format 3 – clause analysis tree
Beginner
Sentence: The zoo was closed for three days, because a large lion
from Africa had escaped.
Complex sentence
The zoo
was closed
Main clause
for ... 2
Sentence: The zoo was closed for three days, because a large lion,
which had been flown from Africa, had escaped.
179
c lA u s e A nA lY s i s
Advanced 2
Sentence: When he paused for a brief...
... evenly, and each has the name of
a sentence part written at the top. It is a good idea to use a
different coloured pen for each sentence part.
c. The part of a chosen sentence (each one is done ... word building to convey extra information
of various kinds, by adding word parts to the beginning and end
of base words, i.e. those that carry the core meaning.
For example:
The vet w...
... pause) between two
balanced parts of a sentence, in which the second part explains
or furthers the information given in the first part.
For example:
I got our tickets for the final: they had nearly ... writing it refers to information
extra to the main sentence. The sentence is complete without the
part in parenthesis. However, the extra part is added to give further
information...
... take different forms according to
the part they play in the sentence.
For example:
As the subject:
Who – Who are you?
As the object:
(For a person) whom – Whom did you see?
(For a thing) what ... we contracted malaria.
In Africa …. we contracted malaria.
• For dramatic effect.
For example:
The glass shattered on the floor and a form appeared in the
window …
‘It’s … It’s … a g…gh...
... expressed.
Before studying mood, students should know about:
• the different kinds of sentences
• verb tenses for all kinds of statement apart from the
conditional
• auxiliary verb forms
Many ... discuss the argument for retaining these forms in our language
148
G r A M M A r f o r e V e rY o ne
A
usefulness of using ‘shall’ for the first person, and ‘will’ for
second and third in th...
... commonly).
Before studying phrases, students should be able to:
• recognise and understand the function of all eight parts of
speech
• understand the formation of the present and past participles
(participles, ... can also be objects,
subjects or complements. For this reason, unlike adjectival and
adverbial phrases, they form a necessary part of the sentence.
For example:
Fishing in...
... function.
1. For the subject of a clause, we use
who for people, and which
or that for things, for example:
He is the boy who delivers our paper.
This is the paper that he brings.
2. For the object ... understood).
He was wearing the jacket (that) I gave him.
3. For possession we use whose for people, and which or that for
things, for example:
He is the boy whose Dad play...
... following a preposition, we
use the objective form (in 2 above) of the relative pronoun, such
as for whom (or which), by whom, to whom etc., for example:
To whom did you give those tickets?
5. ... each of the following sentences, for example:
Tomorrow I will ride my new BMX [that] I got for my birthday.
a. This competition, which is held twice a year, is for Under 12’s.
b. The tr...
... logical thinking. It may be
presented as a form of puzzle.
There are several ways to format the analysis of sentences. The
simplest way is that shown for various kinds of clauses (see pages
162–3, ... using a
structure and format
Noun clause
Noun clauses are not difficult to recognise once they are seen as a
unit performing the same function as a noun. As such, they form
the subject,...
... appear to
offend the propriety of grammar. These are commonplace to native
English speakers, but raise problems for foreign learners. Yet, it
would be a big mistake for us to believe that English ... tense
is required:
He did it.
Other verb forms similary misused:
We brang our books for we brought.
I aren’t going for I am not or I’m not.
I could have went for I could have gone....