... reliable.encompasses all forms of secondhand fact such as report, quotation, hearsay, assumption, appearance, and all other types of supportive, auxiliary information, of which quotation and ... a message: it has some form of organization giving it a status of a communicative event. In English, as in many other languages, the clause is organized as a message by having a special status ... and impossible language systems as well as directions of diachronic language change, among other things (Croft ,1990, and Dik, 1981). In semantics and pragmatics, linguistics scales are taken...