... were used in the first generation offiber-optic communication systems. As discussed in Chapter 2, it is beneficial to operate lightwave systems in the wave-length range 1.3–1.6µm, where both dispersion ... in order to be useful as a major component of lightwave systems. Thereliability requirements are quite stringent for undersea lightwave systems, for whichrepairs and replacement are prohibitively ... [2]–[16]. This chapter is devoted to LEDs andsemiconductor lasers and their applications in lightwave systems. After introducingthe basic concepts in Section 3.1, LEDs are covered in Section 3.2, while...