... 16 SUGAR AND NEW BEVERAGES SUGAR Dazzling-white sugar, ground down from huge Dutch sugar loaves . . . sweeter and more yielding than Venetian sugar loaves, the white gold of confectioners and ... Portuguese in Brazil and the French in Guadalupe, Martinique, and later on, in St. Domingue (Haiti following Sugar and New Beverages 165 its independence); and, after the sugar industry in St. ... the spice trade and tea was being drunk by elites in Holland and France. Tea’s commercial possibilities began to dawn on the Dutch, but the new Tokugwa shoguns Sugar and New Beverages 173 had...