... assessment of classroom (shy, anxious) behavior by
the teacher as well as peer assessment of social behavior (popularity,
aggression, and isolation) at school.
At the age of 8 no association was found ... not avoidant or secure
attachment) in infancy was associated with social phobia (and other
anxiety disorders) in late adolescence.
280 What Causes Social Phobia?
withdraw...
... relatives of three groups of probands (recruited from
an outpatient clinic): primary social phobia, agoraphobia with secondary
social phobia and agoraphobia/panic disorder (DSM-III). Prevalence
rates ... structural and functional neural correlates of social
phobia.
In a study of brain structure Potts, Davidson, Krishnan, & Doraiswamy
(1994) found that social phobic...
... possibil-
ity that a cognitive factor À ‘‘bias,’’ if that is what it is À plays a causal
role in social phobia.
Bias in this context, rather than referring to any activity characteriz-
ing social phobia, ... philosophical grounds as an instance of a
‘‘category mistake.’’ According to Ryle (1949) this logical fallacy consists
of treating the label for a class of events...
... been assessed in research.
Assessment of Social Skills of Social Phobic Individuals
As the assessment of social skills had to be fashioned out of the concep-
tual imprecision of the fundamental ... of social phobia) , have used role-plays as a measure of social skills or
social anxiety.
In Turner et al. (1992), 88 social phobic participants were divided
into...
... the individual
that may be accurately and repeatedly measured. Since being socially
64 What is the Nature of Social Phobia?
The Measurement of Social Anxiety
As we have seen earlier, a variety of ... neurobio-
logical) to be elucidated. This way of construing social phobia is in
analogy to a medical view separating the disease (within) and the result-
ing social im...
... one.
74 What is the Nature of Social Phobia?
4 Social Phobia as a Disease
We have seen in chapter 3 that social phobia can neither be characterized
as an instance of a ‘‘disordered’’ anxiety nor ... sweeping assertions of ‘‘brain abnormalities.’’
Sheehan (1986) advocates a broadly similar approach. Although in his
book The anxiety disease social phobia is broac...
... obsessive-compulsive
disorder.
Internal À Discriminant Validity
An important aspect of the validity of social phobia as a ‘‘significant
psychological pattern’’ is how distinguishable it is from comparable
Social Phobia as a Hypothetical ... social fears especially with
agoraphobia.
Association of Social Phobia with Other Disorders Relevant
studies are summarized in...
... Ginzel,
Yahya Kane, Mahamat Koyalta, Danuta Lockett, Ahuka Longombe, Gwendolyn Lusi,
Denis Mukwege, Sonia Navani, Manga Okenge (Pascal), Kate Ramsey, Peter Sikana, and
Hategekimana Théobald.
This ... Sudan, where thousands of women and girls as old as grandmothers and as
young as toddlers—have suffered brutal sexual violence at the hands of military and rebel
forces. Rape i...
... grammar-translation method of language teaching,
where, as often as not, English is only taught as a means to accessing literature, be it
classical, technical or otherwise. Any of the group that ... analysis is absolutely central. Even with as few details as we have
outlined above, there are certain things that we can assume about this group. First, given
their age group,...