... expanding on a paper from 1976 [244], he provided expressions for the variance in direct-sequence CDMA (DS/CDMA) systems, with random coding and BPSK modulation, as a function of the spreading ... Coding in CDMA According to Lee, coding is always beneficial and sometimes crucial in CDMA applica- tions [6]. Results reported in References [137,247,250,251] confirm this statement 7 . In digital ... reasonable accuracy by a set of formulae readily available from literature, preferably parameterised in a manner that permits different operating conditions to be investigated easily. MAC layer...