... equally likely, then by Eq. (1.38), Schaum's Outline ofTheory and Problems ofProbability, Random Variables, and Random Processes Hwei P. Hsu, Ph.D.Professor of Electrical Engineering Fairleigh ... there is a closed path between a and b if s, and s, or s, and s, are closed. From Fig. 1-5(d), we see that there is a closed path between a and b if either s, and s, are closed or s, is ... events A and B are said to be (statistically) independent if and only if It follows immediately that if A and B are independent, then by Eqs. (1.39) and (1.40), P(A I B) = P(A) and P(B I...