... clustered into two sets:Guessing intelligently in listening and reading, and overcoming limitation in speakingand writing. Guessing strategies, sometimes called “inference” involve using a wide ... Centering learning2. Arranging and planning learning3. Evaluating learningII. Cognitive Strategies1. Practicing2. Receiving and sending messages 3. Analyzing and reasoning4. Creating structures ... in direct ways, e.g., through reasoning, analysis, note-taking, summarizing,synthesizing, outlining, reorganizing information to develop stronger schemas(knowledge structures), practicing in...