... Chapter 2 deals with analysis of the general learning situation at UFFP, learners’ difficulties in teaching and learning listening skills and the effects of using bottom-up strategies in teaching listening ... necessary for intermediate and advanced students. 1.2. Teaching listening skills 1.2.1. Common methods of teaching listening 9 In the article about teaching listening, Underwood (1989, p90-109) pointed ... teaching listening are not mutually exclusive and in reality, they may be mixed in any particular course or class. However, nowadays, with the appearance of Communicative Language Teaching, teaching...