... production and transportation of hydrogen (and the same for the gasoline for the conventional vehicles) . In battery electric vehicles only electricity is used, but in plug -in fuel cell vehicles, both electricity ... battery pack in a charge sustaining mode (maintaining their SOC nearly constant discharging and charging from the vehicle engine and the regenerative braking system) while PHEVs can operate in either ... BEV and PHEV-FC road vehicles facing the driving style, road gradient, occupancy rate, electrical load, and battery's initial state of charge. This study covers pure electric and plug-in...