... flowenng in Malay- sian forests has been generally recorded to occur in the April-May period (Bur- gess, 1972; Ng, 1977). However, in 1981 mass flowering occurred in Septem- ber-October. Ng (1981) ... (1990), Gautier-Hion (1990) and Leighton (1987) - whose research represents, respectively, the neotropical region, equatorial Africa and southeas- tern Asia (Borneo) - describe plant-animal interactions ... smaller scat- ter-hoarders - such as squirrels and other rodents - may, to a degree, be able to mitigate the absence of monkeys or hombills, but this is as yet an unstudied pos- sibility....