... predict the effects of visuals on reading comprehension, among them, the theory of mental models (Johnson-Laird [20]), the transmediation theory (Siegel [21]), the repetition hypothesis (Gyselinck ... to the four major functions that visuals serve in reading. First, they substantially overlap the text or repeat the text’s content. Second, they improve the coherence of the text. Third, they ... examine the effects of illustrations on reading comprehension, and the findings showed that the with-illustration groups outperformed the text-only group. With DCT as the basis for their theory,...