... precoding is the transmit array gain which is also a ected due to precoder quantization An analytical characterization of the loss in array gain due to quantization for single-stream beamforming in MISO ... transmitter for precoding For analytic tractability we consider an uncorrelated Rayleigh flat-fading MIMO channel and we let Mt , Mr , and Ms denote the number of transmit antennas, receive antennas, and ... approximation in (27) is reasonably accurate even at small values of N and provides a practical characterization of performance 4.5 Observations To better understand the result in (27), we provide an...