Lecture Connections 26 | RNA Metabolism
Lecture Connections 26 | RNA Metabolism
... CHAPTER 26 RNA Metabolism Key topics: – Transcription: DNA-dependent synthesis of RNA – Capping and splicing: RNA processing Overview of RNA Function • Ribonucleic acids ... rRNAs) • RNA polymerase II is responsible for synthesis of mRNA – Very fast (500 – 1000 nucleotides / sec) – Specifically inhibited by mushroom toxin -amanitin • RNA polymerase III makes tRNAs ... some small RNA products • Plants appear to have RNA polymerase IV that is responsible for the synthesis of small interfering RNAs • Mitochondria have their own RNA polymerase Eukaryotic mRNA Transcription...
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Lecture Connections 25 | DNA Metabolism
... CHAPTER 25 DNA Metabolism Key topics: – DNA replication – DNA repair – DNA recombination What is DNA Metabolism? • While functioning as a stable storage of genetic information, the structure of DNA ... DNA molecules giving offspring a novel DNA • DNA metabolism consists of a set of enzyme catalyzed and tightly regulated processes that achieve these tasks The Substrate that Encodes its Own Metabolisms ... responsible for DNA replication Structure of Bacterial DNA Polymerases is Well Understood • Structure of the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I • Structure of DNA Polymerase III bound to DNA Synthesis...
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Lecture Connections 27 | Protein Metabolism
... CHAPTER 27 Protein Metabolism Key topics: – The genetic code – Synthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA – Translation: RNA-dependent protein synthesis Protein Synthesis is a Very Complex ... additional protein factors for initiation, elongation, and termination of translation • Involves perhaps 100 additional enzymes that carry out a variety of modifications with many proteins Protein ... Hypothesis • It was recognized in early 1950s that protein sequence is encoded by the nucleotide sequence • The molecular nature of players in protein synthesis remained unknown • Crick proposed...
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Lecture 3 DNA RNA and protein synthesis great
... GENES are long strands of DNA on chromosomes What is DNA? DNA is the genetic code, Instructions for heredity, Components of genes, Director of protein synthesis AND- DNA is also A type ... ribosomes DNA and protein synthesis, then, happens this way: DNA sequence codes (how letters are put together) produce messenger RNA sequence codes The messenger RNA leaves the nucleus and attaches ... its particular protein? As in, people protein vs tree protein? The answer is DNA! The species-particular DNA sequences produce the species-particular proteins GENES code for proteins GENES...
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Lecture Connections 10 | Lipids
... CHAPTER 10 Lipids Key topics: – Biological roles of lipids – Structure and properties of storage lipids – Structure and properties of membrane lipids – Structure and properties of signaling lipids Lipids: ... Lipids • Based on the structure and function • Lipids that not contain fatty acids: cholesterol, terpenes, … • Lipids that contain fatty acids (complex lipids) – Storage lipids and membrane lipids ... platelets Plays role in mediation of inflammation Sphingolipids • The backbone of sphingolipids is NOT glycerol • The backbone of sphingolipids is a long-chain amino alcohol sphingosine • A fatty...
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Lecture Connections 13 | Bioenergetics and Reactions
... CHAPTER 13 Bioenergetics and Reactions Key topics: – Thermodynamics applies to biochemistry, too – Organic chemistry ... • Cleavage and formation of C–C bonds • Cleavage and formation of polar bonds • Nucleophilic substitution mechanism • Addition–elimination mechanism • Hydrolysis and condensation reactions • ... C-C bonds as shown above Nucleophiles and Electrophiles in Biochemistry Examples of Nucleophilic CarbonCarbon Bond Formation Reactions Addition–Elimination Reactions • Substitution from sp3 carbon...
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Lecture Connections 14 | Glucose Utilization and Biosynthesis
... CHAPTER 14 Glucose Utilization and Biosynthesis Key topics: – Harnessing energy from glucose via glycolysis – Fermentation under anaerobic conditions – Synthesis of glucose from simpler ... the polymeric form – Many organisms and tissues can meet their energy needs on glucose only • Glucose is a versatile biochemical precursor – Bacteria can use glucose to build the carbon skeletons ... Membrane lipids Nucleotides in DNA and RNA Cofactors needed for the metabolism Four Major Pathways of Glucose Utilization • When there’s plenty of excess energy, glucose can be stored in the polymeric...
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Lecture Connections 16 | The Citric Acid Cycle
... CHAPTER 16 The Citric Acid Cycle Key topics: – Cellular respiration – Conversion of pyruvate to activated acetate – Reactions of the citric acid cycle – Regulation of the citric acid cycle – ... prosthetic groups are strongly bound to the protein In this case, the lipoic acid is covalently linked to the enzyme via a lysine residue The Citric Acid Cycle Sequence of Events in the Citric Acid ... Eukaryotes, Citric Acid Cycle Occurs in Mitochondria • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm • Citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix† • Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner...
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Lecture Connections 17 | Fatty Acid Catabolism
... anaerobic catabolism of fats Fatty Acids are Converted into Fatty Acyl-CoA Fatty Acid Transport into Mitochondria • Fats are degraded into fatty acids and glycerol in the cytoplasm • -oxidation of fatty ... Sources of ATP Oxidation of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Oxidation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Oxidation of Propionyl-CoA • Most dietary fatty acids are even-numbered • Many plants and some ... Associated with inner mitochondrial membrane • Processes fatty acid chains with 12 or more carbons; shorter ones by enzymes in the matrix Fatty Acid Catabolism for Energy • Repeating the above four-step...
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Lecture Connections 21 | Lipid Biosynthesis
... CHAPTER 21 Lipid Biosynthesis Key topics: – Biosynthesis of fatty acids and eicosanoids – Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols – Biosynthesis of fatty cholesterol Lipids Fulfill a Variety ... and acetyl-CoA – reducing power from NADPH – location: cytosol in animals, chloroplast in plants Lipid Catabolism and Anabolism in Animal and Plant Cells Overview of Fatty Acid Synthesis • Fatty...
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Lecture Connections 28 | Regulation of Gene Expression
... CHAPTER 28 Regulation of Gene Expression Key topics: – DNA elements that control transcription – Protein factors that control transcription – Lac operon as a model for regulation – Regulation of protein ... classes of promoters – Allows coordinated expression of different sets of genes • Binding other proteins (transcription factors) to promoters – These recognize promoters of specific genes – These ... post-translational modifications – Allows expression of a specific genes in response to signals in the environment Regulation by Factors Regulation by Transcription Factors (1) Regulation by Transcription...
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Tài liệu Lecture 26: Switching pdf
... it rarely blocks Lecture2 6.doc Page (7) CSN200 Introduction to Telecommunications, Winter 2000 Lecture_ 26 Switching Time Division Switch: (circuit switching) With time division switching, the n ... space division switch Lecture2 6.doc Page (7) CSN200 Introduction to Telecommunications, Winter 2000 Lecture_ 26 Switching A Crossbar switch Space Division Switch: (circuit switching) By splitting ... CSN200 Introduction to Telecommunications, Winter 2000 Lecture_ 26 Switching The differences between the circuit switching and the packet switching: Item Dedicated copper path Bandwidth available...
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Investigating the role of menaquinone metabolism in dormant mycobacteria with antisense RNA
... Investigating the role of menaquinone metabolism in dormant mycobacteria by antisense RNA Thomas M Fiedler (BSc.) A thesis submitted for the Degree of Master of Science in Infectious ... research focusing on the involved enzymes The focus of this study lies on the synthesis of the aromatic portion of menaquinone The synthesis of the specific head group of menaquinone involves seven ... S-adenosyl-Lhomocysteine Menaquinone O S-adenosyl-Lmethionine O 2-phytyl-1,4-naphtoquinone Figure 6: Menaquinone synthesis in mycobacteria 15 1.3.5 Antisense RNA approach To investigate whether inhibition of menaquinone...
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Lecture Medical assisting: Administrative and clinical procedures with anatomy and physiology (4e) – Chapter 26
... 26- 2 Learning Outcomes 26. 1 Describe the structure, location, and functions of the kidney 26. 2 Define the term nephron and describe its structure 26. 3 Explain how nephrons filter blood and ... reserv e d 26- 18 Urine Formation (cont.) • Urine composition – Mostly water – Urea and uric acid • Formed by the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids – Trace amounts of amino acids and various ... functions of the ureters, bladder, and urethra 26. 6 Explain how urination is controlled 26. 7 Describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of various diseases and disorders of the urinary...
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Lecture 26 glaciers
... Earth’s hydrological cycle Fig 22.01 b Stephen Marshak Glaciers form where more snow accumulates in winter than melts in the summer Types of glaciers Fig 22.04 a W W Norton The Greenland ice cap… ... Aspects of global change How a glacier moves: Internal flow Cold glaciers Fig 22.08 b W W Norton How a glacier moves…basal slip Warm glaciers Fig 22.08 a W W Norton Integrated model of glacier movement… ... this Friday at 1:40-2:30PM Come to this room 15 minutes before for info on meeting place Today’s Lecture: Chapter 22: Glacial erosion Fig 22.01 b Glacial deposition Causes of glaciation ChapterStephen...
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