... 3Individual percent change in stroke volume during passive leg raise for responders and non-respondersIndividual percent change in stroke volume during passive leg raise for responders and non-responders. ... dynamic markers are often limited by thepresence of spontaneous respirations or cardiac arrhythmias .Passive leg raising (PLR) represents an endogenous volumechallenge that can be used to predict fluid ... responsiveness that would assist clini-cians in facing this daily dilemma would have significant utility .Passive leg raising (PLR) is a simple maneuver used for gen-erations as an initial intervention...