... (1999), Antecol (2000), Guinnane et al (2002), Giuliano (2004), Fernandez and Fogli (2005) and Algan and Cahuc (2005) Blau (1992) and Guinnane et al (2002) examine whether the fertility of immigrants ... almost all European countries: Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United ... approach, Giuliano (2004) focuses on family leaving arrangements and Fernandez and Fogli (2005) analyze female labor participation and fertility Caroll et al (1999) use this approach for the analysis...