Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 4
Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 4
... eating, drinking, and smoking; • gambling & drug use; and • Internet addiction – “spending an inordinate amount of time on the Internet and inability to control online use” (see Figure 4. 4) Figure ... • The causes of wasted time Inability to set or stick to priorities Inability to say “no” to others’ demands on our time Inability to delegate responsibility Inability to throw things away Inability ... signs of Internet addiction by responding to the items and computing your score From Young, K.S (1998) Caught in the Net: How to recognize the signs of Internet addiction – and a winning strategy...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 1
... group” – In Schachter’s (19 59) study, the control group was told the shocks would not be painful The Scientific Approach, continued • Determining cause and effect in experiments – If the experimental ... affiliate), then – the difference in their response must be due to the independent variable (e.g., fear of the painful shock) The Scientific Approach, continued • The advantage of using experiments ... correlation is to either +1. 00 or -1. 00, the stronger the relationship between the variables The square of a correlation, which is called the coefficient of determination, is an index of the correlation’s...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 2
... traits” (see Figure 2. 23) The NEO Inventory, (Costa & McCrae, 1985, 19 92) is designed to measure the “Big Five” in research and clinical settings Figure 2. 23 The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire ... consequences that follow others’ behavior, and • store this information in memory Figure 2. 12 Observational Learning In observational learning, an observer attends to and stores a mental representation ... According to Maslow, human needs are arranged in a hierarchy, and individuals must satisfy their basic needs first, before they progress to higher needs In the diagram, higher levels in the pyramid...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 3
... illness – They developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to assess health risk due to the accumulation of life changes (see Figure 3. 5) Figure 3. 5 Social Readjustment Rating Scale ... Responding to Stress, continued – The ANS is broken into two divisions (see Fig 3. 10): • Sympathetic division mobilizes energy during emergencies, engages the fightor-flight response • Parasympathetic ... According to Selye, the physiological response to stress can be broken into three phases During the first phase, the body mobilizes its resources for resistance after a brief initial shock In the...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 5
... continued • The biggest obstacle to receiving treatment is procrastination on the part of the patient • People procrastinate because they – Downplay significance of the symptoms – Don’t want to ... in social settings • To keep friends and company Habits, Lifestyle, and Health, continued Drinking, continued – Short-term risks and problems • The “hangover”, which includes headache, dizziness, ... Habits, Lifestyle, and Health, continued Determinants of obesity, continued • Set point theory “proposes that the body monitors fat-cell levels to keep them (and weight) fairly stable” • When fat stores...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 6
... people to influence how others think of them” Impression management strategies include Ingratiation – “behaving in ways to make oneself likable to others” Self-promotion – accenting your strong points ... goals” – identity is defined more in terms of the groups one belongs to Factors Shaping the Self-Concept, continued Individualism vs collectivism, continued – People raised in individualistic cultures ... as more connected to others (see Figure 6. 5) Figure 6. 5 Independent and interdependent views of the self (a) Individuals in cultures that support an independent view perceive the self as clearly...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 7
... Tactics, continued • The reciprocity principle exploits the tendency for people to think they should pay back in kind what they receive from others – The door -in- the- face technique “involves making a ... likely to be turned down in order to increase the changes that people will agree to a smaller request later” (see Figure 7. 17b) Figure 7. 17 The foot -in- the- door and door -in- the- face techniques These ... 7. 16 Milgram’s (1963) experiment on obedience The photos show the fake shock generator and the “learner” being connected to the shock generator during an experimental session The results of the...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 8
... message” The receiver – “person to whom the message is targeted” The message – the information or meaning that is transmitted from the sender to the receiver” Interpersonal Communication, continued ... others) Collaborating (high concern for self and others) – While compromising simply involves “splitting the difference”, collaborating involves finding a solution that is maximally satisfying ... communication involves “giving in to others • Individuals who use this style report feeling bad about being “pushovers” Developing an Assertive Style, continued The nature of assertiveness, continued...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 9
... continued Interdependence theory, continued The investments, or “things that people contribute to a relationship that they can’t get back if the relationship ends” – Thus, putting investments into ... satisfaction minus one’s comparison level for alternatives plus one’s investments in the relationship Adapted from Brehm, S.S., & Kassin, S.M ( 199 3) Social psychology Boston: Houghton Mifflin Copyright ... participants) Figure 9. 9 Infant attachment and romantic relationships According to Hazan and Shaver ( 198 7), romantic relationships in adulthood are similar in form to attachment patterns in infancy, which...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 10
... disruptive to women than to men, especially if there are children – Custodial mothers’ incomes drop by 36% • Fathers’ incomes increase by 28% Divorce, continued Adjusting to a divorce, continued ... on the family’s, rather than the individual’s, welfare Deciding to Marry, continued Selecting a mate • • Monogamy - the practice of having only one spouse at a time” Polygamy - involves “having ... when adult children return to the nest” Marital Adjustments, continued McGoldrick’s model, continued The family in later life • Marital satisfaction tends to climb in the postparental period when...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 11
... outside the home (in addition to having a satisfying family life) Gender-Role Expectations, continued • Problems with the female role – Diminished career aspirations • Young women continue to have ... discrimination Aggression toward women Gender-Role Expectations, continued – There are two forms of economic discrimination: Differential access to jobs, or the “pink ghetto” (see Figure 11. 11) ... begin to organize their world along gender lines • They develop gender schemas, or “cognitive structures that guide the processing of gender-relevant information” Environmental Origins, continued...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 12
... earlier in life Becoming a Sexual Person, continued Sexual orientation, continued • In deciding to disclose, one must weigh the psychological benefits – – • Being honest Social support Against the ... attempts Interaction in Sexual Relationships, continued • Motives for engaging in sex Pursuing one’s own sexual pleasure Feeling good about oneself Pleasuring one’s partner Promoting intimacy in the ... siblings These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic factors influence sexual orientation If only genetic factors were responsible for sexual orientation, the identical twin...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 13
... becoming more diverse (see Figure 13. 6) • More women are joining the labor force • The workforce is becoming more ethnically diverse Figure 13. 6 Increasing diversity in the workforce Women and minority ... by Sage] The Changing World of Work, continued The changing workforce, continued – When there is only one woman or minority in the workplace they may become a token, or “a symbol of all the members ... personal information Application: The Job Game, continued Putting together a resume, continued • Effective resumes contain the following: – Heading – name and contact information – Objective – the...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 14
... neurotransmitters in the brain: Norepinephrine Seratonin • However, it is unclear whether changes in these chemicals are the cause, or the result, of the onset of mood disorders Mood Disorders, continued ... behavior – the behavior interferes with the person’s ability to function Personal distress – the behavior is troubling to the individual Psychodiagnosis: The Classification of Disorders • The American ... continued • The medical model applied to abnormal behavior – The medical model “proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease” and has become the main way of thinking...
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Psychology applied to modern life adjustment in the 21st century, 11e chapter 15
... require the therapist to interpret the clues that these methods provide about unconscious conflicts Insight Therapies, continued Psychoanalysis, continued – Interpretation “involves the therapist’s ... shown insight therapy to be superior to placebo and to produce lasting effects – Also, most people find therapy beneficial Insight Therapies, continued Evaluating insight therapies, continued • Common ... Behavior Therapies, continued Cognitive therapy, continued – The main goal of cognitive therapy is to change the way clients think – The therapist’s goal is to help clients detect automatic negative...
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