... purposes17 Figure 11. 4 Example of a hardware setup for an envisioning system (after Stock and Bishop17) © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 186 GIS for environmental decision- making Another approach ... evaluation of public policies, Transactions in GIS, 10, 26 5-2 78, 2006 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 190 GIS for environmental decision- making Arnstein, S., A ladder of citizen participation, ... scientists we have argued that good decision- making demands good information This argument has not changed but now it is increasingly recognized that in addition: decision- making must carry those affected...