... Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits the proliferation of HUVEC by enhancing the expression of p53 and p21, restricting the phosphorylation of RB, and is androgen- and estrogen-receptor independent FEBS ... showed that the inhibition of proliferation induced by DHEA is independent of its conversion to estrogen and androgen, because use of antagonists to androgen and estrogen receptors (flutamide and ICI ... independent Cancer J 12, 160–165 Liu D, Iruthayanathan M, Homan LL, Wang Y, Yang L, Wang Y & Dillon JS (2008) Dehydroepiandrosterone stimulates endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis through...