... in the expanded phase domain, Ωd The proposed method is composed of two stages: the multiple linear regression model- based LSTDE at the first stage, and the RLS-based source tracking method using ... the expanded phase follows Gaussian pdf In Figure 6, the dotted-line depicts a histogram of the expanded phase and the dashed-line shows the IPD of observed signals in the original phase domain ... since the Gaussian assumption for the IPD error, Equation 7, is valid in the expanded phase domain Finally, the estimator determines the most accurate delay among the estimated results in each...