... examines the pragmatic relation of If - hedging with Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in English and Vietnamese - Chapter presents an analysis of the data as well as the interpretation ... Markkanen R., Schröder H (1989), Hedging as a Translation Problem in Scientific Texts, Special Language: from Humans Thinking to Thinking Machines, Clevedon, Multilingual matters 31 Mauranen A ... doubt and certainty in English, RELC Journal 25 Hyland K (1994), Hedging in Academic Writing and EAP textbooks English for Specific Purposes, Vol 13 26 Hyland K (1998), Hedging in Scientific Research...